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. 2023 Apr 3:1–12. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07678-5

Table 3.

Mean change in the ODI score between the two groups at 24-month follow-up

Analysis Number of participants Mean change 95% CI of mean change Mean difference 95% CI of mean difference p-value
ITT FE group (n = 30) − 33.62 − 38.58, − 28.66 − 1.31 − 9.3, 6.68 0.748
TM group (n = 30) − 32.3 − 38.57, − 26.04
PP FE group (n = 26) − 34.98 − 39.96, − 30 − 3.34 − 11.14, 4.45 0.4
TM group (n = 26) − 31.64 − 37.63, − 25.64

ODI Oswestry Disability Index; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ITT intension-to-treat; PP, per-protocol

* Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05)