Table 3.
Clinical characteristics at hospital admission of survivors and non survivors patients
| Survivors n = 537 (78.5%) |
Non survivors n = 147 (21.5%) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 64 [52–76] | 81 [74–86] | < 0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 314 (58.5) | 84 (57.1) | 0.772 |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 459 (85.5) | 141 (95.9) | 0.012 |
| Latin/hispanic n (%) | 24 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 54 (10.0) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Underlying comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 217 (40.4) | 83 (56.5) | 0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 17 (3.2) | 16 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| AMI, n (%) | 42 (7.8) | 28 (19.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 100 (18.6) | 33 (22.4) | 0.299 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 88 (16.4) | 47 (32.0) | < 0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 39 (7.3) | 25 (17.0) | < 0.001 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 32 (6.0) | 26 (17.7) | < 0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 27 (5.0) | 21 (14.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 13 (2.4) | 2 (1.34 | 0.437 |
| Age-adjusted Charlson score | 2 (1–4) | 5 (4–6) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.7 [12.2–14.8] | 12.8 [11.1–14.3] | 0.009 |
| CRP, mg/L | 50.5 [24.9–81.9] | 62.1 [38.0–102.7] | 0.001 |
| LDH, U/L | 287 [232–372] | 307 [256–411] | 0.035 |
| Leukocytes count, 103/µL | 6.16 [4.60–8.41] | 6.70 [4.28–10.18] | 0.143 |
| Platelets,103/µL | 186 [147–242] | 191 [134–252] | 0.863 |
| D-Dimer, ng/mL | 274 [192–553] | 476 [289–854] | < 0.001 |
| GPT, U/L | 30 [21–53] | 23 [17–39] | < 0.001 |
| GOT, U/L | 42 [32–61] | 47 [36–63] | 0.246 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 [0.7–1.1] | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, µg/L | 0.14 [0.05–0.84] | 0.20 (0.11–0.57) | 0.273 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 321 [189–634] | 469 [117–991] | 0.428 |
| Pharmacological treatments | |||
| Remdesivir, n (%) | 148 (27.6) | 26 (17.7) | 0.015 |
| Heparin profilaxis, n (%) | 446 (83.0) | 116 (78.9) | 0.245 |
| Corticosteroid treatment, n (%) | 447 (83.2) | 130 (88.4) | 0.124 |
| Biological immunomodulator, n (%) | 38 (7.1) | 12 (8.2) | 0.654 |
| Monoclonal antibodies, n (%) | 50 (7.3) | 22 (3.8) | 0.180 |
Continuous variables are expressed as median [IQR] and compared with Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical data are expressed as n (%) and compared with Chi-square test
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AMI acute myocardial infarction, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, GOT glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase, GPT glutamate–pyruvate transaminase. History of cancer was defined as a cancer diagnosis in the last 5 years