Fig. 11.

Metal-inspired modification of HFMs. a Modification of PES membranes via dopamine-triggered surface free-radical polymerization. b Schematic procedure to modify the PES membrane with heparin or heparin-mimicking polymer via mussel-inspired self-coating. c Process of chemically attaching the hydrogel thin layer onto the PES membrane with the assistance of N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl) acrylamide. d The one-pot method for preparing PDOPA coatings utilizes a precursor solution containing a mixture of dopamine and molecules to be co-immobilized with PDOPA. a is represented with permission from ref. [23]. Copyright (2018) Wiley, b is represented with permission from ref. [216]. Copyright (2014) Royal Society of Chemistry, c is represented with permission from ref. [217]. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society and d is represented with permission from ref. [218]. Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society