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. 2023 Apr 3:1–43. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s42765-023-00277-5

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© Donghua University, Shanghai, China 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 12 — Polymers used for HFM modification. Chemical structures of common polymers used to enhance the antifouling property of HFMs. Abbreviations: PEG Poly(ethylene glycol), PHEMA Poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate), PVP Poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PSBMA Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), PMPC Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), PAM Poly(acrylamide), PDMA Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), PAA Poly(acrylic acid), PSSNa Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PAMPS Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), PMA Poly(methyl acrylate), PGMA Poly(glycidyl methacrylate), PU Poly(urethane)