Fig. 14.

Representation of a dialysis session using a self-anticoagulant dialyzer. a Schematic illustration of the anti-coagulant dialyzer via hydrogel skin modification. SEM micrographs of b inner surfaces and c outer surfaces of pristine dialyzer H-0 and self-anticoagulant dialyzer H-1. d Digital photos of the H-1 and H-0 shell sides and ports after a 1 h dialysis session. e SEM micrographs of hollow fiber inner surfaces after dialysis. Represented with permission from ref. [20]. Copyright (2020) Elsevier