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. 2023 Apr 3:1–43. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s42765-023-00277-5

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© Donghua University, Shanghai, China 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 8 — Bulk modification for HFMs. a The process for the fabrication of carboxylic PES. b The process for the fabrication of sulfonic PES. c The process for the fabrication of zwitterionic PES. d The process for the fabrication of heparin-mimicking PES. a is represented with permission from ref. [196]. Copyright (2011) Elsevier, b and d are represented with permission from ref. [199]. Copyright (2013) Elsevier, c is represented with permission from ref. [198]. Copyright (2008) Elsevier