Table 1.
Demographic and descriptive characteristics of participants at baseline.
| Sample size | Overall (n=124) | No Falls (n=63) | One or More Falls (n=61) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 124 | 73.02 (6.08) | 72.44 (6.26) | 73.62 (5.89) |
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| Sex | 124 | |||
| Male | 64 (51.6%) | 32 (50.8%) | 32 (52.5%) | |
| Female | 60 (48.4%) | 31 (49.2%) | 29 (47.5%) | |
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| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 124 | 30.26 (4.48) | 30.43 (4.67) | 30.08 (4.30) |
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| Race | 124 | |||
| White | 85 (68.5%) | 37 (58.7%) | 48 (78.7%) | |
| African American | 39 (31.5%) | 26 (41.3%) | 13 (21.3%) | |
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| Presence of Comorbidities | 124 | |||
| Stroke | 11 (8.9%) | 5 (7.9%) | 6 (9.8%) | |
| Diabetes | 30 (24.2%) | 12 (19.0%) | 18 (29.5%) | |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 9 (7.3%) | 4 (6.3%) | 5 (8.2%) | |
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| Number of Medications | 124 | 4.08 (2.82) | 3.60 (2.33) | 4.57 (3.20) |
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| CES-D Score | 124 | 7.59 (6.98) | 5.77 (5.97) | 9.46 (7.48) |
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| Positive Fall History | 124 | 66 (53.20) | 23 (36.50) | 43 (70.5) |
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| Assisted Device Usage | 124 | 22 (17.7%) | 9 (14.3%) | 13 (21.3%) |
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| SPPB Score (range 0–12) | 124 | 7.81 (1.82) | 8.21 (1.57) | 7.39 (1.97) |
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| Expanded SPPB Score (range 0–4) | 124 | 1.67 (0.45) | 1.73 (0.44) | 1.60 (0.47) |
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| Usual Gait Speed (m/s) | 121 | 0.77 (0.17) | 0.79 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.17) |
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| TUG (seconds) | 122 | 11.64 (2.65) | 11.23 (2.24) | 12.08 (2.99) |
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| Leg Strength (Nm) | 108 | 98.66 (28.21) | 100.95 (30.03) | 96.10 (26.09) |
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| Leg Power (watts/kg) | 123 | 1.44 (0.48) | 1.45 (0.50) | 1.43 (0.46) |
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| Stride Length Usual Speed (cm) | 121 | 118.18 (17.96) | 119.85 (17.07) | 116.42 (18.83) |
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| Base of Support Usual Speed (cm) | 121 | 10.63 (3.25) | 10.77 (3.25) | 10.48 (3.27) |
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| Stance Phase Usual Speed (% of gait cycle) | 121 | 65.20 (1.86) | 64.90 (1.56) | 65.52 (2.10) |
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| Stride Length Fast Speed (cm) | 121 | 140.69 (22.87) | 142.45 (22.23) | 138.83 (23.57) |
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| Base of Support Fast Speed (cm) | 121 | 10.52 (3.17) | 10.67 (3.30) | 10.36 (3.05) |
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| Stance Phase Fast Speed (% of gait cycle) | 121 | 62.30 (2.02) | 62.01 (1.72) | 62.61 (2.26) |
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| Sway Velocity Firm Base (cm/sec) | 117 | 0.84 (0.21) | 0.82 (0.18) | 0.87 (0.24) |
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| 95% Confidence Ellipse Firm Base (cm2) | 117 | 0.56 (0.41) | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.63 (0.49) |
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| Medial Lateral Range Firm Base (cm) | 117 | 0.75 (0.33) | 0.70 (0.29) | 0.80 (0.36) |
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| Anteroposterior Range Firm Base (cm) | 117 | 1.01 (0.32) | 0.96 (0.27) | 1.06 (0.37) |
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| Sway Velocity Foam Base (cm/sec) | 117 | 1.36 (0.39) | 1.31 (0.38) | 1.41 (0.40) |
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| 95% Confidence Ellipse Foam Base (cm2) | 117 | 1.98 (1.16) | 1.73 (0.92) | 2.25 (1.32) |
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| Medial Lateral Range Foam Base (cm) | 117 | 1.66 (0.52) | 1.55 (0.49) | 1.78 (0.53) |
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| Anteroposterior Range Foam Base (cm) | 117 | 1.79 (0.48) | 1.67 (0.39) | 1.91 (0.53) |
Note: Continuous data are presented as mean (SD), and discrete data are presented as n (%). Abbreviations: CES-D=Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; SPPB=Short Physical Performance Battery; TUG=Timed Up and Go