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Free energy diagram for HER in (a) acidic and (b) alkali media and (c) OER in acidic media over AuSn4-based substrates and reference compounds. The oxidized surface of AuSn4 is denoted as AuSn4O. Dotted lines correspond to the energies of the same processes over similar PdSn4 substrates. The asterisk denotes the substrate, and “···” corresponds to physisorption.35,36
