Table 5.

Associations of female sex with pain/opioid use after THA

First author	Year	Study design	n	Female sex, %	Follow-up	Outcome measures	Associations of female sex with postoperative pain/opioid use
Prentice [9]	2019	RC	12,560	59	1 yr	Opioid usage	Greater opioid use
Brembo [12]	2017	PC	223	71	3 mo	WOMAC	No association
Pinto [14]	2017	PC	64	59	2 d	NRS	Worse pain
Mannion [20]	2015	RC	261	50	1 yr	OHS, WOMAC, SF-12	No association
Petrovic [27]	2014	CC	90	47	1 d	NRS	Higher odds of pain
Liu [36]	2012	CC	428	58	1 d	NRS	Worse pain
Smith [37]	2012	PC	1318	NA	3 yr	HHS	Worse pain
Lavernia [41]	2011	RC	658	59	2 yr	HHS, SF-36, WOMAC	Worse pain
Singh [46]	2010	PC	5707, 3289	51	2 yr, 5 yr	Pain medication use	Greater pain medication use
Rolfson [49]	2009	RC	6158	57	1 yr	VAS	Worse pain
Quintana [48]	2009	PC	590	49	2 yr	WOMAC, SF-36	Worse pain

CC Case–control, CI Confidence interval, HHS Harris Hip Score, NA Not available, NRS Numerical rating scale, NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, OR Odds ratio, PC Prospective cohort, RC Retrospective cohort, SF-12 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, VAS Visual analog scale, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index