Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients who died or survived.
| Characteristics* | All patients n = 3180 | Alive n = 2317 | Deceased n = 863 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years (median; IQR) | 72.0 (61.2–80.5) | 69.2 (58.2–77.8) | 79.0 (70.6–86.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Sex (female) | 1524 (48.0) | 1073 (46.4) | 451 (52.3) | p = 0.003 |
| In-hospital stroke | 324 (10.2) | 209 (9.0) | 115 (13.3) | p = 0.002 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| NIHSS (median; IQR) | 16.0 (11.0–19.0) | 15.0 (10.0–19.0) | 18.0 (14.0–22.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Left hemisphere | 1684 (53.1) | 1180 (51.1) | 504 (58.4) | p = 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mean; SD) | 149.9 (24.8) | 148.1 (24.0) | 154.5 (26.3) | p < 0.001 |
| Functional dependent † | 360 (11.6) | 163 (7.2) | 197 (23.8) | p < 0.001 |
| Treatment with IVT | 2424 (76.4) | 1826 (79.1) | 598 (69.4) | p < 0.001 |
| Laboratory characteristics | ||||
| INR (median: IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | p < 0.001 |
| CRP (median; IQR) | 4.0 (2.0–10.0) | 4.0 (1.9–8.0) | 6.0 (2.5–17.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Glucose (median; IQR) | 6.8 (5.9–8.1) | 6.6 (5.9–7.8) | 7.4 (6.2–9.1) | p < 0.001 |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| Occlusion site | p < 0.001 | |||
| ICA | 155 (5.1) | 115 (5.2) | 40 (4.9) | |
| ICA-T | 640 (21.1) | 397 (17.9) | 242 (29.7) | |
| M1 | 1760 (57.9) | 1340 (60.3) | 420 (51.3) | |
| M2 | 461 (15.2) | 355 (16.0) | 106 (13.0) | |
| Other | 24 (0.8) | 15 (0.7) | 9 (1.1) | |
| ASPECTS | p < 0.001 | |||
| 0–4 | 144 (4.7) | 87 (3.9) | 57 (6.9) | |
| 5–7 | 628 (20.5) | 446 (19.9) | 182 (22.1) | |
| 8–10 | 2298 (74.9) | 1712 (76.3) | 586 (71.0) | |
| Collateral score ‡ | p < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 186 (6.3) | 90 (4.1) | 96 (12.0) | |
| 1 | 1068 (35.9) | 715 (32.9) | 353 (44.0) | |
| 2 | 1153 (38.8) | 891 (41.1) | 262 (32.6) | |
| 3 | 566 (19.0) | 474 (21.8) | 92 (11.5) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 1629 (52.4) | 1096 (48.4) | 533 (63.2) | p < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 755 (24.1) | 468 (20.5) | 287 (33.8) | p < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 510 (16.2) | 293 (12.8) | 217 (25.4) | p < 0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 935 (30.8) | 654 (29.5) | 281 (34.5) | p = 0.008 |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 529 (16.8) | 333 (14.5) | 196 (23.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 440 (14.1) | 289 (12.7) | 151 (18.0) | p < 0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 292 (9.4) | 188 (8.3) | 104 (12.4) | p < 0.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Antiplatelet therapy | 980 (31.3) | 653 (28.5) | 327 (38.7) | p < 0.001 |
| DOAC | 104 (3.3) | 68 (3.0) | 36 (4.2) | p = 0.079 |
| Coumarins | 409 (13.0) | 249 (10.8) | 160 (18.8) | p < 0.001 |
| Heparin | 98 (3.1) | 61 (2.7) | 37 (4.4) | p = 0.014 |
| Statins | 1096 (35.3) | 764 (33.7) | 332 (39.7) | p = 0.002 |
| Anti-hypertensive agents | 1684 (54.1) | 1130 (49.7) | 554 (65.9) | p < 0.001 |
IQR: interquartile range; NIHSS: national institute of health stroke scale; BP: blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; IVT: intravenous thrombolysis; INR: international normalized ratio; CRP: c-reactive protein; ICA: internal carotid artery; ICA-T: tandem occlusion of the ICA and proximal middle cerebral artery; M1/M2: first and second segment of the middle cerebral artery; ASPECTS: Alberta stroke program early ct score; DOAC: direct oral anti-coagulant.
*
All numbers are n (%) unless stated otherwise.
†
mRS of 3 or higher.
‡
0 = absent collaterals; 1 = less than 50% filling of occluded area with collaterals; 2 = more than 50 but less than 100% filling; 3 = 100% filling.