Table 5.

Studies Reporting Measures of Self-perceptions

First Author, Year	Questionnaire/Scale	Results
Cowan, 201931	BCSS	CHR reported significantly more negative beliefs about self and others and significantly fewer positive beliefs about self and other, relative to health controls.
Stowkowy, 201267	BCSS	CHR reported significantly more negative schemas about the self and others.
Stowkowy, 201668	BCSS	CHR reported significantly more severe negative schemas about the self and about other people compared to healthy controls.
Taylor, 201469	BCSS	CHR had no significant differences in negative or positive beliefs about the self, relative to FEP.
Clay, 202073	DPB	CHR reported significantly more severe DPBs than healthy controls.
Morrison, 200648	DAS PQQ	CHR reported significantly more severe beliefs about rejection and criticism from others, and significant discrepancies in self-perception, and general mental distress.
Blessing, 201743	LCS	CHR reported significantly increased internal locus of control ratings after communication of diagnosis.
Pyle, 201571	PBEQ	Internalized stigma was significantly related to depression, social anxiety, distress due to unusual psychological experiences, and suicidal thinking in CHR.
Stowkowy, 201572	PBEQ	CHR who transitioned to psychosis agreed more to statements concerning lack of control over experiences; all sub-scores were significantly related to the CDSS and to SOPS negative symptoms with the exception of self as experiences, which was unrelated to negative symptoms.
Atkinson, 201730	RSES	CHR participants reported significantly poorer self-esteem than healthy controls.
Jhung, 201663	RSES	In CHR, no significant correlations of noncurrent or current emotional experiences (anhedonia and SAM scales) were found with self-esteem.
Shi, 201764	RSES	CHR reported significantly poorer self-esteem relative to healthy controls; in CHR, poorer self-esteem was significantly associated with more severe positive, negative, and depressive symptoms. In CHR, higher self-esteem was significantly and positively correlated with GAF; Self-esteem significantly improved in CHR after treatment (6 months).
Pruessner, 201162	SERS	CHR reported significantly poorer protective factors (self-esteem, social support, and active coping), relative to healthy controls; more severe stress in the past month was significantly related to lower self-esteem.
Alvarez-Jimenez, 201865	SERS-SF SES	No significant improvement in self-esteem or self-efficacy between baseline and follow-up were found.
Seo, 201870	SPS	CHR reported significantly poorer self-perception than healthy controls.
Benavides, 201866	SPPA	CHR and SCZ had significantly poorer GSE compared to healthy controls, but no significant differences between CHR and SCZ.
Valmaggia, 201539	Social Entrapment and Defeat Scales	CHR reported significantly more severe levels of social defeat than healthy controls.

Note: Abbreviations are explained in the first footnote to table 1. CDSS, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; SOPS, Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms; SAM, Self-Assessment Manikin; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; SCZ, Schizophrenia; GSE, Global Self-Esteem; BCSS, Brief Core Schema Scale; DPB, Defeatist Performance Beliefs Questionnaire; DAS, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale; PQQ, Personal Qualities Questionnaire; LCS, Locus of Control Scale; PBEQ, Personal Beliefs about Experiences Questionnaire; RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SERS, Self-Esteem Rating Scale; SERS-SF, Self-Esteem Rating Scale Short Form; SES, Self-Efficacy Scale; SPS, Self-Perception Scale; SPPA, Self-Perception Profile for Adults.