. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 3.

Published in final edited form as: J Physiol. 2022 Oct 13;600(21):4633–4651. doi: 10.1113/JP283581

Table 3.

Plasma concentrations of TMAO-related metabolites

	Age (months)
	Control					DMB
	5	18	21	24	27	21	24	27
Choline (μM)	39.8 ± 8.2	23.2 ± 8.0^*	17.1 ± 5.8^*	18.5 ± 6.6^*	21.5 ± 6.7^*	18.5 ± 7.1	20.5 ± 5.7	20.5 ± 7.4
Betaine (μM)	71.9 ± 36.4	29.0 ± 6.5^*	33.1 ± 11.2^*	40.5 ± 22.8^*	31.8 ± 9.8^*	41.2 ± 5.4	68.9 ± 55.1	69.3 ± 46.4^†

Data are mean ± SD. n = 9–22 per group. Statistics are one-way (effect of age in control mice only) ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test and two-way mixed (age × treatment group) ANOVA with Šídák’s post hoc test.

P < 0.05 control vs. 5 month reference group.

^†

P < 0.05 DMB vs. control within time point. Abbreviations: TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; DMB, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol.