Table 2.
Genetic association between circadian genes polymorphisms and prostate cancer
| Circadian gene | SNP | PCa risk | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPAS2 | rs895521, rs1369481, rs2305160 | Decreased | 97,98,102 |
| rs17024926 | Increased | ||
| rs6542993 | Increased risk of PCa progression | ||
| BMAL1 | rs7950226 | Increased | 98,101 |
| rs142435152 | Associated | ||
| CLOCK | rs11133373 | Decreased in heterozygous variant | 98 |
| CRY1 | rs12315175, rs10778534 | Increased | 98–100 |
| rs7297614, rs1921126 | Associated with fatal PCa | ||
| CRY2 | rs2292912 | Decreased in heterozygous variant | 97,98 |
| rs1401417 | Increased | ||
| PER1 | rs885747 | Decreased in heterozygous variant | 98 |
| rs2289591 | Increased in heterozygous variant | ||
| PER2 | rs7602358 | Decreased in heterozygous variant | 98 |
| PER3 | rs1012477 | Decreased in heterozygous variant | 98,100 |
| rs228697 | Decreased | ||
| RORA | rs17191414 | Associated | 101 |
PCa: prostate cancer; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; NPAS2: neuronal per-arnt-sim (PAS) domain-containing protein 2; BMAL1: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL, also identified in brain and muscle as Arnt-like protein-1); CLOCK: circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CRY1: cryptochrome 1; CRY2: cryptochrome 2; PER1: period circadian protein 1; PER2: period circadian protein 2; PER3: period circadian protein 3; RORA: retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor A