Table 1.
Definitions of Postbiopsy Infectious Complications
| Definitive urinary tract infection | Without systemic symptoms | Symptoms of dysuria, urgency, frequency or hematuria, AND pyuria (>5 white blood cells per high-power field; >25 white blood cells/µL; or urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase) and/or bacteriuria (≥103 colony-forming units/mL) |
| With systemic symptomsa | Symptoms of dysuria, urgency, frequency or hematuria, AND/OR symptoms of fever, chills, or malaise AND pyuria (>5 white blood cells per high-power field; >25 white blood cells/µL; or urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase) and/or bacteriuria (≥103 colony-forming units/mL) | |
| Probable urinary tract infection | Without systemic symptoms | Symptoms of dysuria, urgency, frequency, or hematuria not proven by urine screening, sediment, or culture for which antibiotics are prescribed. |
| With systemic symptoms | Symptoms of dysuria, urgency, frequency, or hematuria AND symptoms of fever, chills, or malaise not proven by urine screening, sediment or culture for which antibiotics are prescribed. | |
| Acute prostatitis | … | Symptoms of fever, chills, malaise, dysuria, urgency, frequency, AND pelvic/perineal pain or tender prostate during palpitation of the prostate AND pyuria (>5 white blood cells per high power field; >25 white blood cells/µL; or urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase) and/or bacteriuria (≥103 colony-forming units/mL) |
| Acute epididymitis | … | Presence of a swollen, red or warm scrotum, accompanied by tenderness for which antibiotics are prescribed. |
| Sepsis | … | Suspicion of infection plus at least 2 of the following criteria (quick sequential organ failure assessment score): systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg, respiratory rate ≥22 breaths/min, or Glasgow coma scale <15. |
| Severe sepsis | … | Sepsis plus organ dysfunction or with persisting hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg and to have a serum lactate level <2 mmol/L despite adequate volume resuscitation. |
| Isolated fever | … | Body temperature ≥38.0 °C without localizing signs and symptoms |
The primary outcome includes all of the types of infections that occurred within 7 days after prostate biopsy.
Systemic symptoms are defined as: fever, chills, malaise.