Figure 1.

Exogenous palmitate exposure induces cell death and upregulates CD36 expression in hepatocytes. A: AML-12 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of palmitate for 16 h. Cell death was determined via LDH release assay. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 4 separate experiments. Differences between groups were determined using one-way ANOVA analysis. Bars with different lowercase letters differ significantly (*P < 0.05). B: primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with 0.6 mM palmitate for 16 h. Cell death was determined via LDH release assay. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 4 separate experiments. Student’s t test was used for statistical evaluation (****P < 0.0001 vs. control). C: AML-12 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of palmitate for 16 h. Total RNA was extracted and CD36 mRNA expression was determined by real-time-qPCR. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 3 separate experiments. Differences between groups were determined using one-way ANOVA analysis. Bars with different lowercase letters differ significantly (*P < 0.05). D: AML-12 cells were treated with 0.4 mM palmitate for 16 h. Total protein was extracted and CD36 protein abundance was measured by ELISA kit. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 3 separate experiments. Student’s t test was used for statistical evaluation (**P < 0.01 vs. control). E and F: primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with 0.6 mM palmitate for 16 h. Total RNA and protein were extracted and CD36 expression was determined by real-time qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 4 separate experiments. Student’s t test was used for statistical evaluation (*P < 0.05 vs. control). CD36, cluster of differentiation 36.