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. 2023 Mar 27;2023:6078308. doi: 10.1155/2023/6078308

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Copyright © 2023 Xuandong Zhang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Astaxanthin alleviated the pathological change and restrained the inflammatory and oxidative stress cytokines of the intestinal tissue in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) rats. (a) The histomorphology in intestinal tissues in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (magnification ×200, 400), and the HE scores were calculated in each group, n = 6 in each group. (b) The serum content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, n = 6 in each group. (c) The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in intestinal tissue was tested by the ELISA kits. n = 6 in each group. ^▲▲P < 0.01 vs. control group. ^★★P < 0.01 vs. NEC group.