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. 2023 Mar 22;8(6):e141110. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.141110

Figure 5. NETs promote endothelial dysfunction in TBI.

Figure 5

ECs were incubated with isolated NETs. ELISA results suggested that soluble VE-cadherin (sVE-cadherin) (A), syndecan-1 (B), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) (C), and VWF (D) levels in the supernatant of ECs were dependent on NET concentration. (E–I) The expression of VE-cadherin on treated ECs, analyzed by confocal microscopy. Representative confocal images of PS (J) and TF (K) on ECs incubated with NETs (0.5 μg DNA/mL). The proportion of TF (L) and PS (M) on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) incubated with NETs (0.1 or 0.5 μg DNA/mL) in the presence of NET inhibitors (DNase I, APC, sivelestat). (N) Fibrin formation of ECs with NETs (0.1 or 0.5 μg DNA/mL) ) or in the presence of anti-TF antibody and lactadherin. Scale bars: 20 μm (E and F). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (A–C and L–N) or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple-comparison test (D).