Table 4.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for substituting dietary heme iron (1 mg) with non-heme iron.

	Men	Women
Colorectal cancer	0.94 (0.89, 0.99)	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)
Colon cancer	0.95 (0.89, 1.02)	1.01 (0.94, 1.08)
Proximal colon cancer	0.90 (0.82, 0.99)	1.08 (0.98, 1.19)
Distal colon cancer	1.03 (0.93, 1.14)	0.98 (0.88, 1.09)
Rectal cancer	0.92 (0.85, 1.00)	1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

Models were adjusted for BMI, height, education, physical activity, smoking, and dietary intakes of calcium, tea, coffee, vitamin C, red meat, processed meats, poultry, and fish and fish product and particularly in women for menopause status and use of hormone replacement therapy.