Table 1.
Overview of the Texture Features in the Present Analysis.
| Texture group | Texture feature name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Gray-level histogram | Mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, percentiles (1, 10, 50, 90, 99%) | Mean |
| Variance | ||
| Skewness | ||
| Kurtosis | ||
| Perc.01%, perc.10%, perc.50%, perc.90%, perc.99% | ||
| Co-occurrence matrix | Angular second moment, contrast, correlation, entropy, sum entropy, sum of squares, sum average, sum variance, inverse difference moment, difference entropy, difference variance; (for four directions and 5 interpixel distances (offsets; n = 1–5)) | S(2,-2)AngScMom, S(3,-3) AngScMom, S(1,-1) AngScMom, S(5.5) AngScMom, S(0.2) AngScMom |
| S(3.0) contrast, S(3.3) contrast, S(2.2) contrast, S(4.4) contrast, S(5.0) contrast, S(0.1) contrast | ||
| S(5.0) correlat, S(5,-5) correlat, S(2,-2) correlat, S(1,-1) correlat, S(0.1) correlat, S(3,-3) correlate | ||
| S(3.0) entropy, S(5,-5) entropy, S(2,-2) entropy, S(4,-4) entropy, S(0.5) entrop, S(3,-3) entropy | ||
| S(1.0) SumEntrp, S(0.2) entropy, S(0.5) SumEntrp, S(4.0) SumEntrp, S(3.0) SumEntrp | ||
| S(3.0) SumOfSqs, S(4.0) SumOfSqs, S(0.5) SumOfSqs, S(5,-5) SumOfSqs | ||
| S(2,-2) SumAverg, S(3,-3) SumAverg, S(0.3) SumAverg, S(0.5) SumAverg, S(0.4) SumAverg | ||
| S(1.1) SumVarnc, S(3.0) SumVarnc, S(5,-5) SumVarnc | ||
| S(0.3) InvDfMom, S(1.0) InvDfMom, S(4,-4) InvDfMom, S(5.0) InvDfMom, S(0.1) InvDfMom | ||
| S(5.5) DifEntrp, S(4.4) DifEntrp, S(1,-1) DifEntrp, S(0.1) DifEntrp, S(2.0) DifEntrp, S(1.0) DifEntrp | ||
| S(3.3) DifVarnc, S(1,-1) DifVarnc, S(2,-2) DifVarnc, S(5,-5) DifVarnc, S(2.0) DifVarnc | ||
| Run-length matrix | Run-length non-uniformity, gray-level non-uniformity, long run emphasis, short run emphasis, fraction of image in runs; (for 4 angles) | Vertl_GLevNonU,45dgr_GLevNonU, horzl_GLevNonU, 135dr_GLevNonU, Z_GLevNonU |
| Vertl_RLNonUni, 45dgr_RLNonUni,135dr_RLNonUni | ||
| Vertl_LngREmph, 45dgr_LngREmph, horzl_LngREmph, 135dr_LngREmph | ||
| Vertl_ShrtREmp, 45dgr_ShrtREmp, horzl_ShrtREmp, 135dr_ShrtREmp | ||
| Vertl_fraction, 45dgr_fraction, horzl_fraction, 135dr_fraction, Z_fraction | ||
| Absolute gradient | Gradient mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, non-zeros | GrMean |
| GrVariance | ||
| GrSkewness | ||
| GrKurtosis | ||
| GrNonZeros | ||
| Autoregressive model | Theta 1–4, sigma | Teta1, teta2, teta3, teta4 |
| Sigma | ||
| Wavelet transform | Energies of wavelet transform coefficients in sub-bands LL, LH, HL, HH; (for 3 subsampling factors) | WavEnLL_s-1, WavEnLL_s-2, WavEnLL_s-3, WavEnLL_s-4 |
| WavEnLH_s-1, WavEnLH_s-2, WavEnLH_s-3 | ||
| WavEnHL_s-1, WavEnHL_s-2, WavEnHL_s-3, WavEnHL_s-4 | ||
| WavEnHH_s-1, WavEnHH_s-2, WavEnHH_s-3 |