Table 1.

Evaluation of isolation methods of EVs

Method	Principles	Advantages	Limitations	References
Differential ultracentrifugation	Size	Low cost, convenience	Time consuming, low yield, poor integrity	[50]
Density gradient centrifugation	Size and density	High purity, suitable for cargo analysis	Time consuming, distinguish proteins with similar density to EVs hardly	[51]
Size exclusion chromatography	Size	High yield, high purity, good integrity	Special equipment required	[52]
Ultrafiltration	Size and shape	High efficiency, convenience	Low purity	[53]
Immune-affinity capture	Antigen–antibody response	High specificity, high purity	High cost, low yield	[54]
Polymer precipitation	Surface charge and solubility	High efficiency, simple, high yield	Low purity, high cost	[55]