Table 4.
Susceptibility to the virus and progression to severe COVID-19.
| Susceptibility to the virus |
Progression to severe COVID-19 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASES: PCR+hospitalised & non-hospitalised (n = 29,817) | CONTROLS: no PCR+ (n = 56,785) | Adjusted ORa (95%CI) |
P-value | CASES: PCR+hospitalised (n = 3060) | CONTROLS: PCR+non-hospitalised (n = 26,757) | Adjusted ORa | P-value | |
| SSRIs (N06AB) |
2330b (7.8%) |
5893b (10.4%) |
0.93 (0.87–0.99) |
0.030 |
366b (12.0%) |
1964b (7.3%) |
0.91 (0.78–1.06) |
0.235 |
| Fluoxetine (N06AB03) |
320 (1.1%) |
597 (1.1%) |
0.90 (0.77–1.05) |
0.174 |
41 (1.3%) |
279 (1.0%) |
0.97 (0.66–1.41) |
0.854 |
| Citalopram (N06AB04) |
227 (0.8%) |
663 (1.2%) |
0.93 (0.79–1.11) |
0.425 |
36 (1.2%) |
191 (0.7%) |
0.64 (0.43–0.96) |
0.032 |
| Paroxetine (N06AB05) |
458 (1.5%) |
1058 (1.9%) |
0.95 (0.84–1.08) |
0.474 |
76 (2.5%) |
382 (1.4%) |
1.06 (0.80–1.42) |
0.679 |
| Sertraline (N06AB06) |
634 (2.1%) |
1773 (3.1%) |
0.94 (0.80–1.09) |
0.404 |
96 (3.1%) |
538 (2.0%) |
0.77 (0.53–1.12) |
0.170 |
| Fluvoxamine (N06AB08) | 28 (0.1%) |
69 (0.1%) |
0.88 (0.54–1.43) |
0.600 |
3 (0.1%) |
25 (0.1%) |
0.68 (0.18–2.50) |
0.560 |
| Escitalopram (N06AB10) | 700 (2.3%) |
1823 (3.2%) |
0.91 (0.82–1.01) |
0.069 |
118 (3.9%) |
582 (2.2%) |
0.98 (0.77–1.24) |
0.860 |
SSRIs = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; ICU = intensive care unit; OR = odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for: sex, age, and comorbidities: hypertension, diabetes, COPD, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic renal failure, cancer, asthma, current smoker, current use of other pharmacological treatment and number of treatments for chronic diseases.
b
The overall number of subjects exposed to SSRIs is lower than the sum of those exposed to the active ingredients of individual SSRIs, due to the fact that some subjects were exposed to more than one SSRI across the study period.