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. 2023 Mar 21;11:1146399. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1146399

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Copyright © 2023 Wakabayashi and Naito.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of angiogenesis (i.e., new blood-vessel formation) from vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) by clonal expansion. (A) VESCs reside within the intima of the blood vessel. Mouse VESCs strongly express CD157 (Bst1), Myc, ATF3, Fosl2, Sox7, Foxp1, ABCB1a, and ABCG2. (B) Angiogenic stimuli activates VESCs following vascular injury, ischemia, and inflammation. (C) New sprouting occurs from nearby VESCs to form new blood vessels.