Table 5.
Baseline demographics of participants stratified by the question “Can you speak out about bullying, discrimination or harassment without fear of repercussions?”
| Yes (60/116) | Prefer not to say (2/116) | No (38/116) | Not sure (16/116) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| Age | 0.474 | ||||
| 18–24 | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 24–34 | 20 (33.33%) | 2 (100.00%) | 10 (26.32%) | 4 (25.00%) | |
| 35–44 | 15 (25.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 17 (44.74%) | 8 (50.00%) | |
| 45–54 | 15 (25.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 4 (25.00%) | |
| 55–64 | 6 (10.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 65 + | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Sex | 0.052 | ||||
| Male | 31 (51.67%) | 2 (100.00%) | 11 (28.95%) | 6 (37.50%) | |
| Female | 29 (48.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 27 (71.05%) | 10 (62.50%) | |
| Race | 0.687 | ||||
| Asian | 11 (18.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 5 (31.25%) | |
| Black or African American | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| White | 44 (73.33%) | 2 (100.00%) | 32 (84.21%) | 9 (56.25%) | |
| Other | 4 (6.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Income | 0.950 | ||||
| Less than $10,000 | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $10,000–$19,999 | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $20,000–$29,999 | 5 (8.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (7.89%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| $30,000–$39,999 | 6 (10.00%) | 1 (50.00%) | 7 (18.42%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| $40,000–$49,999 | 6 (10.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| $50,000–$59,999 | 3 (5.00%) | 1 (50.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $60,000–$69,999 | 6 (10.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| $70,000–$79,999 | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $80,000–$89,999 | 4 (6.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 3 (18.75%) | |
| $90,000–$99,999 | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 13 (21.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 7 (18.42%) | 4 (25.00%) | |
| More than $150,000 | 11 (18.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (21.05%) | 3 (18.75%) | |
| Religion | 0.741 | ||||
| Agnostic | 6 (10.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Atheist | 5 (8.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Baptist | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Catholic | 12 (20.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Hindu | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Judaism | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Lutheran | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Muslim | 3 (5.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Protestant | 4 (6.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| None | 24 (40.00%) | 2 (100.00%) | 13 (34.21%) | 5 (31.25%) | |
| Other | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Sexual Orientation | 0.177 | ||||
| Bisexual | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Heterosexual | 54 (90.00%) | 1 (50.00%) | 32 (84.21%) | 13 (81.25%) | |
| Homosexual | 1 (1.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 3 (7.89%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Prefer not to say | 4 (6.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Region of Residence | 0.750 | ||||
| Asia | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Europe | 18 (30.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 9 (23.68%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| North American | 41 (68.33%) | 2 (100.00%) | 28 (73.68%) | 14 (87.50%) | |
| Highest Degree | 0.945 | ||||
| BS | 9 (15.00%) | 1 (50.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| MD | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (7.89%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| MD/PhD | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| MS | 5 (8.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (10.53%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| PhD | 40 (66.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 23 (60.53%) | 12 (75.00%) | |
| Other Professional Degree | 2 (3.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Stage of Career | 0.311 | ||||
| Graduate Student | 12 (20.00%) | 1 (50.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Postdoctoral Researcher | 10 (16.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 3 (18.75%) | |
| Early career faculty: 0–9 years from first academic appointment | 13 (21.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (21.05%) | 6 (37.50%) | |
| Mid-career faculty: 10–19 years from first academic appointment | 8 (13.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 12 (31.58%) | 4 (25.00%) | |
| Senior career faculty: 20 or more | 11 (18.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.26%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| years from first academic | |||||
| appointment | |||||
| Research Staff Member | 6 (10.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (15.79%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Tenured? | 0.310† | ||||
| Yes | 25 (41.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 17 (44.74%) | 6 (37.50%) | |
| No | 7 (11.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 5 (31.25%) | |
| Member of Professional Musculoskeletal Society | 0.748 | ||||
| Yes | 43 (71.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 26 (68.42%) | 13 (81.25%) | |
| No | 16 (26.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 11 (28.95%) | 3 (18.75%) | |
| Research requiring human subjects | 0.019 | ||||
| Yes | 14 (23.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 19 (50.00%) | 8 (50.00%) | |
| No | 46 (76.67%) | 2 (100.00%) | 19 (50.00%) | 8 (50.00%) | |
| Have you observed bullying, discrimination, or harassment? | 0.082 | ||||
| Yes | 11 (18.33%) | 1 (50.00%) | 11 (28.95%) | 8 (50.00%) | |
| Prefer not to say | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.63%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| No | 49 (81.67%) | 1 (50.00%) | 26 (68.42%) | 7 (43.75%) | |
| Have you experienced bullying, discrimination, or harassment? | 3 (5.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 5 (31.25%) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (7.89%) | 2 (12.50%) | |
| Prefer not to say | 57 (95.00%) | 2 (100.00%) | 31 (81.58%) | 8 (50.00%) | |
| No | 3 (5.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 5 (31.25%) | |
†denotes Fisher exact test was utilized based on sample size
p values in bold are statistically significant