Table 3.
Differences in circulating cytokines levels in the ictal stage of migraine compared to the inter-ictal stage
| Cytokine | N of studies | Total participants | Std. Mean Difference (95% CI) Effect Estimate | P Value | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | 5 | 220 | 0.34 (0.06, 0.62) | 0.02 | 4% |
| IL-2 | 2 | 114 | -0.09 (-0.89, 0.70) | 0.82 | 77% |
| IL-4 | 4 | 174 | -0.24 (-0.90, 0.42) | 0.48 | 76% |
| IL-6 | 8 | 520 | 0.10 (-0.07, 0.28) | 0.25 | 0% |
| IL-10 | 3 | 184 | 0.23 (-0.23, 0.68) | 0.33 | 57% |
| TNF-α | 7 | 317 | 0.18 (-0.05, 0.40) | 0.12 | 0% |
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, I2 Measure of heterogeneity, IL-2 Interleukin-2, IL-8 Interleukin-8, TGF-β Transforming growth factor β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha