Table 2.
Baseline demographic, physical and mental health characteristics (N% or mean (SD)/median (IQR)
| Characteristic | PHOENIx participants (n = 128) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.2 (8.4) |
| Sex (male) | 91 (71.1%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)a | 23.8 (5.1) |
| Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 17 (14.7%) |
| Overweight/Obese (> 25 kg/m2) | 45 (38.8%) |
| Ethnicity (White) | 127 (99.2%) |
| Number of years experienced homelessc | 23.5 (12–29.8) |
| Temporary accommodation | |
| Supported (hostel/low-cost hotel) | 72 (56.2%) |
| Unsupported (hotel/bed and breakfast) | 46 (35.9%) |
| Temporary Furnished Flat | 3 (2.3%) |
| Rough Sleeping | 5 (3.9%) |
| No fixed abode | 2 (1.6%) |
| GP registered (patient reported) | |
| Mainstream GP | 56 (43.8%) |
| Homeless Health Service GP | 42 (32.8%) |
| Unknown | 32 (25.2%) |
| Addictions Team registeredb | 113 (89.7%) |
| Homeless Addictions team | 50 (39.1%) |
| Mainstream addictions team | 63 (49.2%) |
| Mental Health Team registeredb | 43 (33.8%) |
| Homeless mental health team | 13 (11.1%) |
| Mainstream mental health team | 17 (14.5%) |
| Physical health conditions* | |
| Vascular | 30 (23.4%) |
| Blood Borne Viruses | 50 (39.0%) |
| Anaemia | 3 (2.3%) |
| Skin | 26 (20.3%) |
| Seizures | 98 (76.5%) |
| Cardiovascular | 15 (11.7%) |
| Chronic painful condition | 20 (15.6%) |
| Fracture | 13 (10.1%) |
| Alcohol related brain injury | 1 (0.8%) |
| Respiratory | 38 (29.6%) |
| Coronary heart disease | 9 (7.0%) |
| Gastrointestinal (upper) | 12 (9.4%) |
| Infection | 11 (8.6%) |
| Epilepsy | 13 (10.2%) |
| Alcohol related seizures | 2 (1.6%) |
| Head/brain condition | 2 (1.6%) |
| Neurological | 11 (8.6%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (1.6%) |
| Endocrine | 16 (12.5%) |
| Genitourinary/pelvic | 3 (2.3%) |
| Musculoskeletal | 4 (3.2%) |
| Cachexia | 2 (1.6%) |
| Rheumatic | 3 (3.2%) |
| Wounds | 42 (32.8%) |
| Dental condition | 86 (67.2%) |
| Dentures | 48 (37.5%) |
| Hearing condition | 24 (18.8%) |
| Eye condition | 72 (56.2%) |
| Head Injury | 47 (36.7%) |
| Other | 7 (5.5%) |
| Number of physical health conditions/patient | 5.4 (2.5) |
| Patients with any physical health condition | 124 (96.9%) |
| Mental health conditions | |
| Depression | 85 (66.4%) |
| Anxiety | 56 (43.7%) |
| Personality disorder | 11 (8.6%) |
| Suicide attempt | 73 (57.9%) |
| Mania/hypomania | 1 (0.8%) |
| PTSD | 25 (19.5%) |
| Complex trauma | 10 (7.8%) |
| Childhood abuse/neglect | 4 (3.1%) |
| Drug-induced psychosis | 8 (6.2%) |
| Schizophrenia/psychosis | 15 (11.7%) |
| Other mental health condition | 26 (20.3%) |
| Number of mental health conditions/patient | 2.2 (1.3) |
| Patients with any mental health condition | 117 (91.4%) |
| Psychological distress e | |
| (0–2 none; 3–5 mild; 6–8 moderate; 9–12 severe) | |
| PHQ-4 | 12 (8–12) |
| PHQ-4 ≥ 3 | 117 (92.1%) |
| Anxiety subscale | 6 (4–6) |
| Anxiety score ≥ 3 | 108 (85.0%) |
| Depression subscale | 6 (4–6) |
| Depression score ≥ 3 | 105 (82.7%) |
| Any long-term health condition | |
| 0–1 | 0 (0%) |
| 2–4 | 11 (8.6%) |
| 5–8 | 59 (46.1%) |
| 9–16 | 58 (45.3%) |
| Charlson comorbidity scored | 2.8 (2.2) |
| Charlson 10-year survival percentaged | 67.7 (34.9) |
| Assaulted (past 6 months) | 58 (45.3%) |
| Feels unsafe | 24 (18.8%) |
| No reported next of kin | 39 (30.5%) |
*Ever diagnosed (from self-report or medical records)
Missing data: an = 12. bn = 1; cn = 80
dCharlson comorbidity index calculator assesses the 10-year survival in mainstream housed patients with several comorbidities based on the CCI scoring system
e≥ 3 threshold for screening (data missing n = 1)