Table 3.

Adjusted measures of association between rural residence at the date of diagnosis and the study outcomes

Study outcomes	Full cohort (n = 5173)		Crohn’s disease (n = 2796)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 2377)
	Adjusted* HR (95% CI)	Adjusted** HR(95% CI)	Adjusted* HR (95% CI)	Adjusted* HR (95% CI)
Outpatient
Gastroenterology visit	0.82 (0.77 to 0.88)	0.82 (0.77 to 0.88)	0.85 (0.77 to 0.93)	0.80 (0.72 to 0.88)
Lower endoscopy	0.98 (0.92 to 1.05)	0.94(0.87 to 1.00)	1.04 (0.95 to 1.15)	0.85 (0.77 to 0.93)
Prescription claim of 5-ASA	1.13 (1.05 to 1.21)	1.10 (1.02 to 1.18)	1.13 (1.02 to 1.26)	1.06 (0.97 to 1.16)
Prescription claim of IMs	0.90 (0.81 to 1.00)	0.93 (0.84 to 1.03)	0.91 (0.81 to 1.04)	0.94 (0.79 to 1.13)
Prescription claim of biologics	0.86 (0.76 to 0.99)	0.89 (0.78 to 1.01)	0.87 (0.74 to 1.02)	0.93 (0.74 to 1.17)
Corticosteroid dependency†	1.01 (0.74 to 1.38)	0.94 (0.79 to 1.12)	0.91 (0.60 to 1.39)	1.14 (0.73 to 1.79)
Inpatient
IBD-specific hospitalization	1.21 (1.11 to 1.32)	1.23 (1.13 to 1.34)	1.25 (1.11 to 1.40)	1.21 (1.06 to 1.39)
IBD-related hospitalization	1.19 (1.09 to 1.29)	1.20 (1.11 to 1.31)	1.21 (1.09 to 1.36)	1.19 (1.05 to 1.35)
Surgery for IBD	0.97 (0.87 to 1.08)	0.98 (0.88 to 1.09)	0.95 (0.82 to 1.10)	1.01 (0.86 to 1.19)

HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; IMs, immune modulators; Bold values denote statistically significant results.

^*Adjusted by age, sex, and mean neighborhood income quintile.

^**Adjusted by age, sex, mean neighborhood income quintile, and type of disease (i.e., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).

^†Odds ratios and 95% CIs; logistic regression models restricted to individuals with 6-months follow-up after the date of diagnosis.