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. 2023 Jan 25;31(3):370–381. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.005

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

DMSO increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α production in LPS/d-GalN treated animals. Data shown as mean ± SD (N = 6). DMSO (200 µl/kg) was administered intraperitoneally following LPS/d-GalN (10 µg/kg/400 mg/kg) injection. Two hours following injection, blood samples were withdraw for measurements of serum level of TNF-α. **P < 0.01 versus control animals (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons). ##P < 0.01 versus control animals and bP < 0.01 versus LPS/d-GalN (10/400) exposed animals (Mann-Whitney U test). LPS = lipopolysaccharide, d-GalN = D‑galactosamine and DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide.