Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 1;19(4):749–757. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10422

Table 1.

Comparison of characteristics of primary school student participants recruited pre- and during COVID.

Pre-COVID (n = 246) COVID (n = 545) P
Age, years, mean (SD) 8.5 (1.7) 8.8 (1.8) .05
Female, n (%) 120 (48%) 272 (50%) .75
Government-subsidized school, n (%) 246 (100%) 545 (100%) 1
Low-income household, n (%) 71 (28.9%) 136 (25.0%) .25
Season at the time of assessment: < .001
 Spring (Mar–Apr), n (%) 0 (0%) 79 (14.5%)
 Summer (May–Sept), n (%) 34 (13.8%) 158 (29.0%)
 Autumn (Oct–Nov), n (%) 31 (12.6%) 110 (20.2%)
 Winter (Dec–Feb), n (%) 181 (73.6%) 198 (36.3%)
Any mental disorder, n (%) 84 (34.1%) 219 (40.1%) .027

SD = standard deviation.