Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 1;19(4):749–757. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10422

Table 2.

Comparison of characteristics of secondary school student participants recruited pre- and during COVID.

Demographics Pre-COVID (n = 230) COVID (n = 212) P
Age, years, mean (SD) 13.9 (1.8) 14.3 (1.7) .045
Female, n (%) 111 (48%) 82 (39%) .042
Government-subsidized school, n (%) 230 (100%) 212 (100%) 1
Low-income household*, n (%) 58 (25.2%) 80 (37.7%) .005
Season at the time of assessment: < .001
 Spring (Mar–Apr), n (%) 0 (0%) 40 (18.9%)
 Summer (May–Sept), n (%) 64 (27.8%) 44 (20.8%)
 Autumn (Oct–Nov), n (%) 88 (41.5%) 19 (9.0%)
 Winter (Dec–Feb), n (%) 78 (33.9%) 109 (36.3%)
Any mental disorder, n (%) 83 (36.1%) 73 (51.4%) .72
Digital leisure time, hours per week, median 64.0 71.4 .043

SD = standard deviation.