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. 2023 Apr 1;19(4):749–757. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10422

Table 4.

Comparison of sleep parameters among secondary school students pre- and during COVID.

Sleep Parameters Pre-COVID (n = 230) Mean (SD) COVID (n = 212) Mean (SD) P
School days
 Bedtime, hh:mm 23:13 (±72 min) 23:24 (±82 min) .13
 Sleep onset time, hh:mm 23:27 (±73 min) 23:46 (±91 min) .016
 Sleep midpoint time, hh:mm 3:03 (±43 min) 3:15 (±55 min) .015
 Wake up time, hh:mm 6:39 (±30 min) 6:43 (±46 min) .28
 Sleep latency, hh:mm 0:14 (±12 min) 0:22 (±31 min) < .001
 Sleep duration, hh:mm 7:11 (±70 min) 6:56 (±94 min) .061
Nonschool days
 Bedtime, hh:mm 00:01 (±84 min) 00:28 (±85 min) .006
 Sleep onset time, hh:mm 00:16 (±85 min) 00:51 (±125 min) < .001
 Sleep midpoint time, hh:mm 4:41 (±81 min) 5:05 (±100 min) .005
 Wake up time, hh:mm 9:20 (±105 min) 9:43 (±112 min) .030
 Sleep latency, hh:mm 00:14 (±13 min) 00:22 (±35 min) .002
 Sleep duration, hh:mm 9:03 (±102 min) 8:51 (±105 min) .23
 Social jetlag, hh:mm 1:37 (±104 min) 1:50 (±137 min) .049

SD = standard deviation.