Table 1.
Characteristics of the Rural South African Studv PoDulation, Stratified bv Sex and HIV Status
| Characteristic | n | Men |
Women |
p b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 258) | HIV+ (n = 34) | HIV− (n = 224) | p a | All (n = 547) | HIV+ (n = 129) | HIV− (n = 418) | p a | |||
|
| ||||||||||
| Demographic and clinical variables | ||||||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 805 | 44.1 ± 16.1 | 46.2 ± 14.3 | 43.8 ± 16.3 | 0.422 | 44.8 ± 14.2 | 44.1 ± 11.8 | 45.0 ± 14.9 | 0.55 | 0.537 |
| SES quartile, n (%) | 665 | 0.705 | 0.926 | 0.011 | ||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 7 (3.5) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (3.1) | 13 (2.8) | 4 (3.2) | 9 (2.6) | ||||
| Q2 | 38 (19.4) | 7 (21.2) | 31 (19.1) | 55 (11.7) | 13 (10.6) | 42 (12.1) | ||||
| Q3 | 147 (75) | 24 (72.7) | 122 (75.3) | 372 (79.3) | 98 (79.7) | 274 (28.3) | ||||
| Q4 (highest) | 4 (2.0) | 0 | 4 (2.5) | 29 (6.2) | 8 (6.5) | 21 (6.1) | ||||
| Smoking tobacco, n (%) | 773 | 0.022 | 0.341 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Never | 159 (63.6) | 15 (44.1) | 144 (66.7) | 516 (98.7) | 126 (97.7) | 390 (98.9) | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 69 (27.6) | 16 (47.1) | 53 (24.5) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (1.6) | 3 (0.8) | ||||
| Current | 22 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 19 (8.8) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 329 | 0.536 | 0.057 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Never | 27 (30.1) | 4 (30.8) | 23 (28.8) | 204 (87.8) | 39 (76.5) | 165 (89.2) | ||||
| Previous | 19 (19.5) | 1 (7.7) | 18 (22.5) | 12 (4.1) | 4 (7.8) | 8 (4.3) | ||||
| Current | 47 (50.4) | 8 (61.5) | 39 (48.8) | 20 (8.1) | 8 (15.7) | 12 (6.5) | ||||
| Physical activity (hours/week), median (IQR) | 269 | 3.5 (1.2–7.0) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.5 (1.2–9.0) | 0.423 | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | 2.5 (0.8–5.3) | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | 0.512 | 0.015 |
| Established on ART, n (%) | 163 | 31 (91.2) | 31 (91.2) | – | – | 113 (87.6) | 113 (87.6) | – | – | 0.561 |
| Anthropometry | ||||||||||
| Height (cm), mean ± SD | 805 | 172.6 ± 6.8 | 172.6 ± 6.2 | 172.6 ± 6.9 | 0.956 | 161.5 ± 6.0 | 161.5 ± 6.3 | 161.5 ± 5.9 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 805 | 75.1 ± 17.3 | 67.8 ± 16.1 | 76.2 ± 17.2 | 0.008 | 77.9 ± 17.4 | 72.1 ± 15.4 | 79.7 ± 17.5 | <0.001 | 0.014 |
| BMI, n (%) | 805 | 0.029 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Underweight | 13 (5.0) | 3 (8.8) | 10 (4.5) | 9 (1.7) | 5 (3.9) | 4 (1.0) | ||||
| Normal | 134 (51.9) | 24 (70.6) | 110 (49.1) | 138 (25.2) | 40 (31.0) | 98 (23.4) | ||||
| Overweight | 71 (27.5) | 5 (14.7) | 66 (29.5) | 151 (27.6) | 44 (34.1) | 107 (25.6) | ||||
| Obese | 40 (15.5) | 2 (5.9) | 38 (17.0) | 249 (45.5) | 40 (31.0) | 209 (50.0) | ||||
Minimum and maximum age (years) by sex and HIV status were as follows: female HIV+ (22–76), HIV− (21–79); male HIV+ (22–79), HIV− (21–79).
ART = anti-retroviral therapy; BMI = body mass index; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; SD = Standard deviation; SES = socioeconomic status.
a
HIV+ versus HIV−.
b
AII males versus all females.