Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and average total arsenic concentrations (SumAs) of FMV, spot urine samples, and toenails.
| Variable | n | % | SumAsa | FMV urine (μg/L) | SumAsa | Spot urine (μg/L) | [As] | Toenails (μg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| Ab mean | Gc mean | Ab mean | Gc mean | Ab mean | Gc mean | |||
|
| ||||||||
| All individuals | 131 | 100 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
| Disease status | ||||||||
| Case | 50 | 38.2 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 0.25 | 0.16 |
| Control | 81 | 61.8 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 0.16 | 0.12 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 18 | 13.7 | 6.9 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 0.26 | 0.14 |
| Male | 113 | 86.3 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 8.2 | 5.8 | 0.19 | 0.13 |
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | 50 | 38.2 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 9.0 | 6.3 | 0.24 | 0.17 |
| 65–75 | 55 | 42.0 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 0.19 | 0.12 |
| >75 | 26 | 19.8 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 0.13 | 0.10 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never | 43 | 32.8 | 6.3 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 5.6 | 0.18 | 0.13 |
| Ever | 87 | 66.4 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 8.1 | 6.0 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 123 | 93.9 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 5.6 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
| Other | 8 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 5.5 | 11.3 | 7.0 | 0.18 | 0.12 |
a
SumAs = As[III] + As[V] +MMA[V]+DMA[V].
b
Arithmetic mean adjusted by specific gravity.
c
Geometric mean adjusted by specific gravity.