Table 2.

Selected characteristics and puberty outcomes according to Mediterranean-like diet adherence in girls aged 9 or 10 years at baseline (2006–2014, n 202), Jersey Girl Study, USA

	Total (n 202)		Low adherence (score 0–3) (n 72, 35·6 %)		Medium adherence (score 4–5) (n 85, 42·1 %)		High adherence (score 6–9) (n 45, 22·3 %)		P value
	n or mean	% or sd	n or mean	% or sd	n or mean	% or sd	n or mean	% or sd
Year of recruitment
2008† or earlier	118	58·42	44	61·11	45	52·94	29	64·44	0·38
2009 or later	84	41·58	28	38·89	40	47·06	16	35·56
Years of follow-up, mean and sd	2·59	1·50	2·61	1·45	2·41	1·45	2·94	1·63	0·16
Child age at baseline (years), mean and sd	10·02	0·58	10·09	0·63	9·97	0·54	9·97	0·54	0·36
Child age at baseline
9 years	96	47·52	30	41·67	43	50·59	23	51·11	0·53
10 years	105	51·98	41	56·94	42	49·41	22	48·89
Race
White	177	87·62	65	90·28	76	89·41	36	80·00	0·09
Other	22	10·89	6	8·33	7	8·24	9	20·00
Annual family income
<$US 70 000	19	9·41	8	11·11	9	10·59	2	4·44	0·48
$US 70 000–84 999	13	6·44	3	4·17	8	9·41	2	4·44
$US 85 000–99 999	15	7·43	5	6·94	8	9·41	2	4·44
≥$US 100 000	140	69·31	53	73·61	53	62·35	34	75·56
Mother’s education
High school-associate degree	41	20·30	13	18·06	21	24·71	7	15·56	0·46
Bachelor’s degree	69	34·16	29	40·28	24	28·24	16	35·56
Master’s degree	61	30·20	23	31·94	24	28·24	14	31·11
Professional/doctoral degree	31	15·35	7	9·72	16	18·82	8	17·78
Total physical activity (h/week), mean and sd	8·84	6·28	8·80	5·41	9·35	6·78	7·93	6·64	0·48
Total energy intake (kJ/d), mean and sd	7191·33	1609·88	6799·08	1546·49	7421·33	1614·86	7384·51	1601·64	0·03
Total energy intake (kcal/d), mean and sd	1718·77	384·77	1625·02	369·62	1773·74	385·96	1764·94	382·80	0·03
Dietary energy density (kJ/g food, excluding water), mean and sd	19·117	0·766	19·276	0·828	19·171	0·690	18·753	0·682	<0·001
Dietary energy density (kcal/g food, excluding water), mean and sd	4·569	0·183	4·607	0·198	4·582	0·165	4·482	0·163	<0·001
Breast development at baseline
Yes (Tanner stage 2+)	120	59·41	46	63·89	53	62·35	21	46·67	0·14
No (Tanner stage 1)	82	40·59	26	36·11	32	37·65	24	53·33
Age at thelarche (years), mean and sd	10·19	1·27	10·25	1·34	10·07	1·18	10·30	1·30	0·52
Range	7·50–13·83		7·92–13·83		7·50–13·25		8·17–13·50
Age at menarche (years), mean and sd	12·76	1·39	12·80	1·37	12·56	1·33	13·08	1·48	0·18
Range	8·20–16·63		8·20–16·05		9·46–16·63		9·91–15·86
Child BMI at baseline (kg/m2), mean and sd	18·04	3·10	17·80	3·27	18·28	3·01	17·98	3·01	0·63
Mother’s age at thelarche
<8 years	1	0·50	0	0·00	1	1·18	0	0·00	0·01
8–12 years	120	59·41	37	51·39	52	61·18	31	68·89
>12 years	51	25·25	26	36·11	21	24·71	4	8·89
Missing	30	14·85	9	12·5	11	12·94	10	22·22
Mother’s age at menarche
<12 years	39	19·31	12	16·67	19	22·35	8	17·78	0·85
12–13 years	128	63·37	46	63·89	54	63·53	28	62·22
≥14 years	26	12·87	10	13·89	9	10·59	7	15·56

Data are presented as n and % unless indicated otherwise. Categories may not total to 100 % due to missing values.

P values for means from ANOVA; for frequencies from χ² test; for mother’s age at thelarche from Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance at P < 0·05.

^†2008 was the approximate median year of recruitment for the study.