Table III.
Characteristics of Toddlers Ultimately Diagnosed With and Without ASD by Level of Concern About ASD
| Diagnosed with ASD Parental concern about ASD | P | Not diagnosed with ASD Parental concern about ASD | P | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||||
| N | M (SD) | N | M (SD) | N | M (SD) | N | M (SD) | |||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age, months | 26 | 41.5 (3.2) | 37 | 41.2 (2.7) | 0.64 | 22 | 41.4 (3.0) | 363 | 41.6 (2.1) | 0.71 |
| Male sex, [%] | 23 | [88.5] | 29 | [78.4] | 0.30 | 14 | [63.6] | 275 | [75.8] | 0.20 |
| Maternal education ≤12yb | 10 | [41.7] | 12 | [33.3] | 0.51 | 7 | [41.2] | 129 | [36.3] | 0.69 |
| Developmental level | ||||||||||
| IQa | 25 | 70.5 (24.7) | 35 | 68.8 (25.6) | 0.80 | 21 | 84.4 (17.1) | 361 | 90.3 (18.7) | 0.17 |
| Language agea, months | 25 | 21.6 (10.3) | 36 | 22.3 (10.2) | 0.82 | 19 | 27.9 (14.1) | 351 | 31.6 (10.5) | 0.15 |
| Phrase-speech, [%] | 13 | [50.0] | 21 | [56.8] | 0.60 | 16 | [72.7] | 299 | [82.4] | 0.26 |
| Behavior problems | ||||||||||
| Parent-reporteda (range:0–2) | 26 | 0.7 (0.3) | 37 | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.03 | 20 | 0.6 (0.4) | 356 | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.35 |
| Clinician-observed (range:0–2) | 26 | 0.4 (0.4) | 37 | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.32 | 22 | 0.2 (0.3) | 363 | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.61 |
| ASD diagnostic instruments | ||||||||||
| ADOS CSS (range:1–10) | 26 | 6.2 (2.3) | 37 | 6.3 (2.0) | 0.87 | 22 | 2.1 (1.7) | 363 | 1.8 (1.6) | 0.49 |
| ADI-R (common items) (range:0–20) | 26 | 9.9 (4.6) | 37 | 6.9 (3.6) | <0.01 | 22 | 4.8 (3.3) | 363 | 2.0 (2.3) | <0.01 |
a
A few cases had missing information (see N).
b
Missing by subgroup from left to right: n = 2, n = 1, n = 5, and n = 8. Proportions are calculated based on non-missing n.
ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ADOS-CSS, standardized comparison scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ADI-Diag10, sum of the 10 items common across the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised Toddler algorithms [Kim & Lord, 2012b].