Table 4.
Direct, indirect, total indirect, and total effects of child mediators on maternal metabolic syndrome (MetS) on child outcomes (adjusted model)
| (a) MetS on | DE | DE 95% CI | IE | IE 95% CI | T-IE | T-IE 95% CI | TE | TE 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPVS (n = 13,812) | .000 | − .033 to .036 | − .004 | − .012 to .004 | − .004 | − .036 to .031 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .039 | − .093 to .000 | .000 | − .006 to .002 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .010 | − .057 to .083 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .088*** | − .124 to − .048 | − .005 | − .014 to .002 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .056 | − .028 to .139 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .002 | − .049 to .040 | 0.00 | − .002 to .003 | ||||
| (b) LDL | − 0.30 | − .105 to .042 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .019 | − .067 to .033 | 0.00 | − .001 to .005 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .021 | − .083 to .040 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .098 to − .026 | .001 | − .036 to .031 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | − .014 | − .055 to .051 | ||||||
| LID (n = 13,812) | .010 | − .031 to .046 | .003 | − .003 to .012 | .014 | − .026 to .047 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .039 | − .092 to − .001 | .000 | − .004 to .003 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .000 | − .074 to .065 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .086*** | − .121 to − .046 | .003 | − .003 to .011 | ||||
| (b) HDL | − .036 | − .109 to .036 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .051 to .039 | .000 | − .003 to .005 | ||||
| (b) LDL | − .064 | − .138 to − .009 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .020 | − .066 to 0.33 | .000 | − .004 to .001 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | .008 | − .060 to .068 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .098 to − .026 | .000 | − .002 to .002 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | − .005 | − .042 to .060 | ||||||
| COM (n = 13,832) | − .011 | − .032 to .012 | − .007* | − .014 to − .001 | − .018 | − .038 to .004 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .040 | − .092 to .004 | − .001 | − .006 to .001 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .025 | − .025 to .076 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .086*** | − .121 to − .046 | − .005 | − .012 to .000 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .059 | .002 to .118 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .051 to .040 | .000 | − .003 to .002 | ||||
| (b) LDL | .035 | − .025 to .076 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .020 | − .072 to .028 | .001 | − .001 to .004 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .032 | − .081 to .018 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .097 to − .027 | − .001 | − .003 to .000 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | .019 | − .010 to .055 | ||||||
| PSE (n = 13,832) | − .007 | − .027 to .016 | − .006* | − .013 to − .001 | − .013 | − .032 to .007 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .040 | − .092 to .004 | − .001 | − .005 to .001 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .018 | − .030 to .063 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .087*** | − .121 to − .047 | − .005 | − .013 to − .001 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .062 | .003 to .120 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .051 to .040 | .000 | − .003 to .001 | ||||
| (b) LDL | .032 | − .023 to .085 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .019 | − .072 to .026 | .000 | − .001 to .004 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .023 | − .069 to .029 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .097 to − .027 | .000 | − .032 to .002 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | .003 | − .025 to .039 | ||||||
| PHY (n = 13,832) | − .011 | − .032 to .011 | − .005 | − .012 to .000 | − .015 | − .036 to − .005 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .039 | − .091 to .004 | − .000 | − .003 to .002 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .002 | − .045 to .050 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .087*** | − .121 to − .046 | − .005 | − .011 to − .000 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .054 | − .001 to .111 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .050 to .041 | .000 | − .003 to .001 | ||||
| (b) LDL | .027 | − .026 to .079 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .019 | − .071 to .029 | .001 | − .001 to .004 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .036 | − .085 to .011 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .097 to − .027 | − .001 | − .003 to .001 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | .010 | − .019 to .043 | ||||||
| LIT (n = 13,832) | − .025* | − .045 to − .005 | − .005 | − .011 to .000 | − .030** | − .051 to − .010 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .040 | − .092 to .004 | − .001 | − .005 to .001 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .020 | − .029 to .067 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .086*** | − .121 to − .046 | − .004 | − .010 to .001 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .042 | − .010 to .099 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .052 to .040 | .000 | − .003 to .001 | ||||
| (b) LDL | .033 | − .019 to .084 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .020 | − .070 to .027 | .000 | − .001 to .003 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .019 | − .067 to .031 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .097 to − .026 | − .001 | − .003 to .000 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | .019 | − .009 to .055 | ||||||
| MAT (n = 13,832) | − .015 | − .035 to .008 | − .005 | − .012 to .000 | − .020 | − .040 to .001 | ||
| (a) Triglycerides | − .040 | − .092 to .004 | − .002 | − .006 to .000 | ||||
| (b) Triglycerides | .039 | − .007 to .084 | ||||||
| (a) HDL | − .086*** | − .121 to − .047 | − .003 | − .009 to .001 | ||||
| (b) HDL | .037 | − .015 to .092 | ||||||
| (a) LDL | − .004 | − .052 to .040 | .000 | − .003 to .001 | ||||
| (b) LDL | .034 | − .023 to .083 | ||||||
| (a) Adiponectin | − .019 | − .071 to .028 | .001 | − .001 to .004 | ||||
| (b) Adiponectin | − .040 | − .089 to .010 | ||||||
| (a) Leptin | − .054** | − .097 to − .027 | − .001 | − .004 to .000 | ||||
| (b) Leptin | .026 | − .004 to .062 |
Participant sample sizes ranged from 12,652 (found in unadjusted models) to 13,832 mother–child pairs depending on the availability of data
DE direct effect, IE indirect effect, T-IE total indirect effect, TE total effects (direct effect + indirect effect)
(a) Child mediators on METSYN; (b) child outcomes on child mediators
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001