Table 3.
Health concerns on side effects from AAS use
| Whole sample (n = 90) | Treatment seeking group (n = 41) | Non-treatment seeking group (n = 49) | χ2 | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
| Having AAS-related health concerns | 56 | 62.2 | 30 | 73.2 | 26 | 53.1 | 3.840 | 0.050* | |
| Internal organs | 48 | 53.3 | 26 | 63.4 | 22 | 44.8 | 3.075 | 0.080 | |
| Testosterone deficiency | 40 | 44.4 | 25 | 61.0 | 15 | 30.6 | 8.335 | 0.004* | |
| Mental health | 32 | 35.6 | 16 | 39.0 | 16 | 32.7 | 0.396 | 0.529 | |
| Sexual dysfunction | 29 | 32.2 | 14 | 34.1 | 15 | 30.6 | 0.128 | 0.721 | |
| Gynecomastia | 26 | 26 | 14 | 34.1 | 12 | 24.5 | 1.013 | 0.314 | |
| Skin and hair | 25 | 28.9 | 14 | 34.1 | 11 | 22.4 | 1.523 | 0.217 | |
| Cognitive function | 19 | 21.1 | 10 | 24.4 | 9 | 18.4 | 0.486 | 0.486 | |
| Musculoskeletal harm | 8 | 8.9 | 4 | 9.8 | 4 | 8.2 | 0.070 | 1.000 | |
Data are presented as numbers (n) and percentages (%). *Significant difference between the groups (p ≤ 0.05). Fischer’s exact test was used when the expected number were based upon less than five cases.