Table 10.
Polymyxin (colistin and polymyxin B) resistance (R) estimates and data for Klebsiella spp. isolates from studies including samples from 2010 and later
| Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability | Resistance estimate category | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nations | Number of reports | Specimens in all reports | Any R | Reports meeting criteria | Total specimens meeting criteria | Range of specimens among studies | Resistant specimens (#) | Resistant specimens (%) | Resistant range (%) | Median R | |
| Algeria | 17 | 1056 | Y | 6 | 1015 | 13–608 | 2 | 0.2 | 0–4.3 | 0 | Low |
| Angola | 1 | 24 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Benin | 2 | 51 | N | 2 | 51 | 10–41 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 5 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Cameroon | 1 | 3 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Egypt | 27 | 1084 | Y | 10 | 605 | 14–183 | 11 | 1.8 | 0–50 | 0 | Low |
| Ethiopia | 4 | 53 | Y | 3 | 51 | 10–30 | 17 | 33.3 | 0–90 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Ghana | 1 | 38 | Y | 1 | 38 | - | 5 | 13.2 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Kenya | 1 | 5 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—Resistance not detected |
| Libya | 8 | 179 | Y | 3 | 136 | 24–76 | 6 | 4.4 | 0–25 | 0 | Low |
| Malawi | 2 | 8 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Mauritania | 1 | 137 | Y | 1 | 137 | - | 1 | 0.7 | - | 0.8 | Low |
| Mauritius | 2 | 119 | Y | 1 | 118 | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | Low |
| Morocco | 7 | 245 | Y | 4 | 232 | 10–118 | 28 | 12.1 | 0–22.9 | 0.6 | Low |
| Niger | 1 | 4 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Nigeria | 9 | 95 | Y | 4 | 80 | 10–32 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | N/A * | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Senegal | 1 | 34 | Y | 1 | 34 | - | 3 | 8.8 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| South Africa | 15 | 2286 | Y | 7 | 1682 | 10–839 | 18 | 1.1 | 0–2.9 | 0 | Low |
| Sudan | 1 | 50 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected^ |
| Tanzania | 2 | 59 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Togo | 2 | 31 | N | 1 | 30 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Tunisia | 20 | 4250 | Y | 11 | 4148 | 11–2826 | 60 | 1.4 | 0–6.2 | 0.5 | Low |
| Uganda | 2 | 20 | Y | 1 | 12 | - | 3 | 25 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| All reporting countries | 128 | 9836 | Y | 56 | 8369 | 10–2826 | 154 | 1.8** | – | – | – |
Y one or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
N no resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
^Only genotypic resistance reported
*Insufficient isolates (< 100) for polymyxin resistance estimate
**Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
-Data not available
–Not calculated