Table 6.
Carbapenem resistance (R) estimates and data for Klebsiella spp. isolates from studies including samples from 2010 and later
| Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability | Resistance estimate category | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nations | Number of reports | Specimens in all reports | Any R | Reports meeting criteria | Total specimens meeting criteria | Range of specimens among studies | Resistant specimens (#) | Resistant specimens (%) | Resistant range (%) | Median R | |
| Algeria | 24 | 1205 | Y | 6 | 1029 | 24–608 | 25 | 2.4 | 0–20 | 0 | Low |
| Angola | 2 | 49 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Benin | 2 | 51 | Y | 1 | 41 | - | 1 | 2.4 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Botswana | 1 | 40 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Burkina Faso | 11 | 234 | N | 2 | 179 | 70–109 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | Resistance not detected |
| Cameroon | 3 | 154 | Y | 2 | 151 | 52–99 | 4 | 2.6 | 0–4 | 2 | Moderate |
| CAR | 2 | 34 | N | 1 | 24 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—Resistance not detected |
| Chad | 4 | 87 | Y | 3 | 86 | 23–35 | 1 | 1.2 | 0–2.9 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2 | 115 | Y | 1 | 107 | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | Low |
| DRC | 2 | 167 | Y | 2 | 167 | 21–146 | 1 | 0.6 | 0–4.8 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| Egypt | 94 | 4925 | Y | 45 | 3617 | 20–425 | 1321 | 36.5 | 0–86.4 | 26 | High |
| Equatorial Guinea | 1 | 30 | Y | 1 | 30 | - | 1 | 3.3 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Ethiopia | 27 | 808 | Y | 9 | 675 | 30–154 | 78 | 11.6 | 0–30 | 10.7 | High |
| Gabon | 5 | 161 | Y | 2 | 146 | 67–79 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | Low |
| Gambia | 1 | 9 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Ghana | 12 | 366 | Y | 7 | 334 | 20–91 | 84 | 25.1 | 0–57.1 | 1.6 | Moderate |
| Guinea-Bissau | 1 | 91 | N | 1 | 91 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Kenya | 17 | 964 | Y | 10 | 929 | 25–272 | 117 | 12.6 | 0–30 | 5.5 | High |
| Libya | 20 | 655 | Y | 7 | 464 | 24–158 | 202 | 43.5 | 0–92 | 26.9 | High |
| Madagascar | 8 | 306 | Y | 4 | 261 | 22–122 | 13 | 5 | 0–17 | 8.6 | High |
| Malawi | 5 | 1310 | Y | 2 | 1276 | 173–1103 | 60 | 4.7 | 2.7–17.3 | 10 | High |
| Mali | 2 | 67 | Y | 2 | 67 | 26–41 | 7 | 10.4 | 0–17.1 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Mauritania | 1 | 137 | N | 1 | 137 | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | Resistance not detected |
| Mauritius | 3 | 223 | Y | 2 | 222 | 104–118 | 13 | 5.9 | 1.9–9 | 5.4 | High |
| Morocco | 27 | 1671 | Y | 9 | 1348 | 24–389 | 69 | 5.1 | 0–22.5 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| Mozambique | 3 | 44 | N | 1 | 21 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Namibia | 1 | 280 | Y | 1 | 280 | - | 1 | 0.4 | - | 0.4 | Low |
| Niger | 1 | 9 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Nigeria | 58 | 2642 | Y | 28 | 2343 | 21–600 | 287 | 12.2 | 0–81 | 8.9 | High |
| Rwanda | 5 | 247 | Y | 4 | 239 | 22–91 | 4 | 1.7 | 0–4.6 | 0 | Low |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 4 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Senegal | 5 | 116 | Y | 2 | 55 | 21–34 | 2 | 3.6 | 2.9–5 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Sierra Leone | 4 | 15 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected ^ |
| South Africa | 62 | 37,049 | Y | 27 | 34,593 | 21–15,589 | 4051 | 11.7 | 0–90.1 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| Sudan | 8 | 576 | Y | 4 | 536 | 21–249 | 98 | 18.3 | 0–58 | 14.3 | High |
| Tanzania | 19 | 689 | Y | 11 | 618 | 20–139 | 16 | 2.6 | 0–13.6 | 0 | Low |
| Togo | 3 | 79 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Tunisia | 38 | 10,256 | Y | 12 | 9766 | 24–2826 | 1414 | 14.5 | 0–41.2 | 12.9 | High |
| Uganda | 14 | 262 | Y | 2 | 61 | 22–39 | 1 | 1.6 | 0–4.3 | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Zambia | 4 | 683 | Y | 4 | 683 | 58–432 | 435 | 63.7 | 1–99.2 | 4.3 | Moderate |
| All reporting countries | 503 | 66,810 | Y | 216 | 60,576 | 20–15,589 | 8306 | 13.7** | – | – | – |
Y one or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
N no resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
^Only genotypic resistance reported
*Insufficient isolates (< 100) for carbapenem resistance estimate
**Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
-Data not available
–Not calculated