Table 9.
Polymyxin (colistin and polymyxin B) resistance (R) estimates and data for Escherichia coli isolates from studies including samples from 2010 and later
| Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability | Resistance estimate category | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nations | Number of reports | Specimens in all reports | Any R | Reports meeting criteria | Total specimens meeting criteria | Range of specimens among studies | Resistant specimens (#) | Resistant specimens (%) | Resistant range (%) | Median R | |
| Algeria | 14 | 2168 | Y | 9 | 2155 | 13–1184 | 1 | < 0.1 | 0–0.4 | 0 | Low |
| Angola | 1 | 23 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Benin | 2 | 97 | N | 1 | 92 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Burkina Faso | 3 | 262 | Y | 3 | 262 | 26–205 | 40 | 15.3 | 0–61.3 | 10 | High |
| Cameroon | 3 | 41 | Y | 1 | 30 | - | 30 | 100 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Chad | 1 | 18 | N | 1 | 18 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Congo | 1 | 89 | N | 1 | 89 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 1 | 177 | Y | 1 | 177 | - | 14 | 7.9 | - | 7.9 | High |
| Djibouti | 1 | 31 | N | 1 | 31 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Egypt | 20 | 1015 | Y | 9 | 431 | 11–212 | 17 | 3.9 | 0–17.4 | 0.9 | Low |
| Eritrea | 1 | 14 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Ethiopia | 2 | 68 | Y | 1 | 55 | - | 50 | 90.9 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Ghana | 1 | 49 | Y | 1 | 49 | - | 3 | 6.1 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Kenya | 2 | 7 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Libya | 3 | 127 | N | 2 | 126 | 51–75 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | Resistance not detected |
| Malawi | 1 | 8 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Mauritania | 1 | 366 | Y | 1 | 366 | - | 6 | 1.6 | - | 1.7 | Moderate |
| Mauritius | 1 | 183 | N | 1 | 183 | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | Resistance not detected |
| Morocco | 5 | 893 | Y | 4 | 890 | 51–398 | 47 | 5.3 | 0–11.3 | 0.3 | Low |
| Mozambique | 1 | 33 | N | 1 | 33 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| Niger | 1 | 21 | Y | 1 | 21 | - | 4 | 19 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Nigeria | 8 | 125 | Y | 3 | 111 | 18–50 | 1 | 0.9 | 0–2.3 | 0 | Low |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 1 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Senegal | 1 | 33 | Y | 1 | 33 | - | 1 | 3 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected |
| Somalia | 1 | 27 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected |
| South Africa | 14 | 2005 | Y | 6 | 1945 | 16–683 | 12 | 0.6 | 0–0.9 | 0.15 | Low |
| Sudan | 1 | 71 | Y | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected ^ |
| Tanzania | 2 | 99 | Y | 1 | 30 | - | 0 | 0 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| Togo | 2 | 6 | N | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | Insufficient isolates—Resistance not detected |
| Tunisia | 11 | 3014 | Y | 7 | 3002 | 26–1075 | 13 | 0.4 | 0–1.3 | 0 | Low |
| Uganda | 2 | 66 | Y | 1 | 61 | - | 10 | 16.4 | - | N/A* | Insufficient isolates—resistance detected |
| All reporting countries | 109 | 11,137 | Y | 58 | 10,190 | 11–1184 | 249 | 2.4** | – | – | – |
Y one or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
N no resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
^Only genotypic resistance reported
*Insufficient isolates (< 100) for polymyxin resistance estimate
**Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
-Data not available
–Not calculated