Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of 243 observations of comorbidity prevalence derived from 161 studies.
| All | Lung | Breast | Prostate | Colorectal | Melanoma | Multiplea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
| N studies | 161 | 37 | 47 | 37 | 30 | 7 | 3 |
| N observationsb | 243 | 53 | 67 | 56 | 54 | 10 | 3 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age groupsc | |||||||
| - Age below 45 | 146 (60.1) | 33 (62.3) | 35 (52.2) | 32 (57.1) | 37 (68.5) | 8 (80) | 1 (33.3) |
| - Age 45–59 | 151 (62.1) | 34 (64.2) | 36 (53.7) | 33 (58.9) | 39 (72.2) | 8 (80) | 1 (33.3) |
| - Age 60–69 | 225 (92.6) | 53 (100) | 58 (86.6) | 50 (89.3) | 51 (94.4) | 10 (100) | 3 (100) |
| - Age 70–79 | 220 (90.5) | 53 (100) | 58 (86.6) | 49 (87.5) | 51 (94.4) | 7 (70) | 2 (66.7) |
| - Age 80 or above | 216 (88.9) | 53 (100) | 59 (88.1) | 44 (78.6) | 51 (94.4) | 7 (70) | 2 (66.7) |
| Presence of subtype (yes) | 74 (30.5) | 27 (50.9) | 19 (28.4) | 2 (3.6) | 21 (38.9) | 5 (50) | — |
| Reporting quality check (valid) | 187 (77) | 45 (84.9) | 51 (76.1) | 44 (78.6) | 36 (66.7) | 8 (80) | 3 (100) |
| Country | |||||||
| Australia | 9 (3.7) | 3 (5.7) | — | — | 6 (11.1) | — | — |
| Canada | 11 (4.5) | 2 (3.8) | 4 (6) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.6) | — | — |
| Denmark | 16 (6.6) | 4 (7.5) | 2 (3) | 6 (10.7) | 2 (3.7) | 2 (20) | — |
| Finland | 1 (0.4) | — | 1 (1.5) | — | — | — | — |
| France | 3 (1.2) | — | 1 (1.5) | — | 2 (3.7) | — | — |
| Germany | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.9) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Italy | 2 (0.8) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) | — | — | — | — |
| Japan | 2 (0.8) | 1 (1.9) | — | — | 1 (1.9) | — | — |
| The Netherlands | 16 (6.6) | 2 (3.8) | — | 4 (7.1) | 10 (18.5) | — | — |
| New Zealand | 3 (1.2) | — | 3 (4.5) | — | — | — | — |
| Norway | 6 (2.5) | 3 (5.7) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.9) | — | — |
| Spain | 3 (1.2) | — | 3 (4.5) | — | — | — | — |
| Sweden | 17 (7) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.5) | 14 (25) | — | — | — |
| UK | 27 (11.1) | 6 (11.3) | 13 (19.4) | — | 8 (14.8) | — | — |
| USA | 126 (51.9) | 28 (52.8) | 37 (55.2) | 29 (51.8) | 21 (38.9) | 8 (80) | 3 (100) |
| Type of data | |||||||
| Hospital-based routinely collected datad | 147 (60.5) | 32 (60.4) | 38 (56.7) | 36 (64.3) | 36 (66.7) | 5 (50) | — |
| Claims data | 91 (37.4) | 21 (39.6) | 26 (38.8) | 20 (35.7) | 16 (29.6) | 5 (50) | 3 (100) |
| Other/unknowne | 5 (2.1) | — | 3 (4.5) | — | 2 (3.7) | — | — |
| Metastases | |||||||
| No distinction | 175 (72) | 43 (81.1) | 51 (76.1) | 31 (55.4) | 40 (74.1) | 7 (70) | 3 (100) |
| Metastases excluded | 53 (21.8) | 7 (13.2) | 12 (17.9) | 20 (35.7) | 12 (22.2) | 2 (20) | — |
| Only metastases | 15 (6.2) | 3 (5.7) | 4 (6) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (10) | — |
| Type of comorbidities index | |||||||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 198 (81.5) | 42 (79.2) | 55 (82.1) | 48 (85.7) | 42 (77.8) | 8 (80) | 3 (100) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | 15 (6.2) | 7 (13.2) | 3 (4.5) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.6) | — | — |
| C3 index | 3 (1.2) | — | 2 (3) | — | 1 (1.9) | — | — |
| Other | 27 (11.1) | 4 (7.5) | 7 (10.4) | 6 (10.7) | 8 (14.8) | 2 (20) | — |
| Missing comorbidities percentage | 34 (14) | 7 (13.2) | 8 (11.9) | 7 (12.5) | 10 (18.5) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Missing start year | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Missing study duration | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean(95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean % comorbidities | 33.6 (31.1–36.0) | 46.9 (41.9–51.9) | 22.3 (18.6–26.1) | 29.1 (25.4–32.9) | 39.7 (35.0–44.3) | 31.3 (10.2–52.4) | 38.5 (24.2–52.7) |
| Weighted mean % comorbiditiesf | 33.4 (31.0–35.8) | 46.7 (41.6–51.7) | 22.4 (18.8–26.0) | 28.5 (24.9–32.2) | 40.0 (35.4–44.6) | 28.3 (8.5–48.1) | 39.4 (26.3–52.4) |
| Start year | 2002.0 (2001.1–2002.9) | 2003.1 (2001.2–2004.9) | 2002.3 (2000.4–2004.1) | 1999.7 (1998.0–2001.4) | 2002.7 (2000.9–2004.5) | 2004.9 (1999.5–2010.3) | 1998.7 (1993.5–2003.8) |
| Study duration (years) | 6.03 (5.59–6.57) | 5.38 (4.35–6.40) | 5.60 (4.45–6.75) | 7.52 (6.31–8.73) | 5.50 (4.47–6.53) | 7.00 (4.39–9.61) | 6.00 (-0.57 -12.56) |
| Validity score (0–7) | 5.81 (5.68–5.94) | 6.09 (5.86–6.33) | 5.58 (5.38–5.78) | 6.02 (5.79–6.24) | 5.63 (5.24–6.02) | 5.50 (4.73–6.27) | 6.00 (6.00–6.00) |
| Proportion male | 0.51 (0.46–0.56) | 0.58 (0.54–0.61) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.06) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.52 (0.50–0.53) | 0.56 (0.51–0.62) | 0.52 (0.51–0.54) |
| Proportion Caucasian | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 0.85 (0.83–0.88) | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) | 0.76 (0.73–0.82) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.80 (0.70–0.90) |
| Study sample size | 44569.5 (30287.7–58851.2) | 62152.2 (14272.7–110031.7) | 48291.8 (11224.0–85359.6) | 52359.2 (28136.6–76581.7) | 21790.4 (11958.4–31622.3) | 22791.6 (−13305.9 – 58889.2) | 117142.3 (-147648.0– 381932.6) |
aThe category multiple includes observations that make no distinction between the tumor types and can therefore not be presented within the categories of the individual tumor types.
bA study can report comorbidities for different subgroups (tumor types, ages, etc.), which we considered as separate observations. Analyses were performed with the individual observations of subgroup comorbidity prevalence.
cObservations can be classified into multiple age groups (e.g., studies that include ages 60–80 are included in age groups 60–69 and 70–79). The observations by age are thus not mutually exclusive.
dThis data includes data from cancer registries and hospital databases.
eThe data source is either hospital-based routinely collected data or claims data, however, it is unknown which of the two.
fAverages were weighted by subgroup sample size using a logarithmic transformation. Mean weights were given to studies with missing sample sizes.