Table 4.
Commonly used selective markers in Aspergillus spp.
| Type | Name | Origin | Selection system | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auxotroph marker | ade1 | Phanerochaete chrysosporium | Adenine prototrophy | Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-Succinocarboxamidesynthase |
| ade5 | Nostoc commune | Adenine prototrophy | Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamidesynthase | |
| agaA | Aspergillus niger | Ornithine prototrophy | Arginine hydrolase | |
| argB | Aspergillus nidulans | Arginine prototrophy | Acetylglutamate kinase | |
| am | Neurospora crassa | Glutamic acid prototrophy | Glutamate dehydrogenase | |
| met2 | Ascobolus immerses | Methionine prototrophy | Hyperserine-O-acetyltransferase | |
| pyrG | Aspergillus oryzae | Pyrithiamine prototrophy | Orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase | |
| trpC | Aspergillus niger | Tryptophan prototrophy | Indole-3-phosphate glycerol synthase | |
| ura5 | Podospora anserine | Uracil prototrophy | Orotidine-5′-pyrophosphorylase | |
| Drug (antibiotic) resistance marker | bar | Streptomyces hygroscopicus | Phosphinothricin resistance | Bialaphos acetyltransferase |
| benA | Neurospora crassa | Phenylbacterim resistance | Beta tubulin mutant | |
| ble | Escherichia coli | Bleomycin resistance | Bleomycin binding protein | |
| hygB | Escherichia coli | Hygromycin B resistance | Hygromycin B phosphotransferase | |
| neo | Escherichia coli | Neomycin (G418) resistance | Neomycin phosphotransferase | |
| oliC3 | Aspergillus nidulans | Oligomycin resistance | Oligomycin resistant protein | |
| qa-2 | Neurospora crassa | Quinic acid utilization | Catabolic dehydrogenquinidase | |
| Functional product marker | acuD | Aspergillus nidulans | Acetic acid utilization | Isocitratlyase |
| amdS | Aspergillus nidulans | Acetamide utilization | Acetamidase | |
| inl | Neurospora crassa | Inositol utilization | Inositol phosphate synthase | |
| lacZ | Escherichia coli | Spore color selection (white → blue) | Beta-galactosidase | |
| niaD | Aspergillus oryzae | Nitrate utilization | Nitratase | |
| nit2 | Neurospora crassa | Nitrogen source utilization | Nitrogen metabolite repressor regulation | |
| pal | Rhodosporidium toruloides | Phenylalanine | Phenylalanine dehydrogenase | |
| pro | Aspergillus nidulans | Proline utilization | Proline metabolizing enzyme | |
| qutE | Aspergillus nidulans | Quinic acid utilization | 3-dehydrogenquinic acid decomposing enzyme | |
| sC | Aspergillus nidulans | Nitrate utilization | ATP sulfatase | |
| yA | Aspergillus nidulans | Spore color selection (yellow → green) |