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. 2023 Apr 4;114(3):389–403. doi: 10.17269/s41997-023-00761-w

Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds of COVID-19 testing, infection, and primary care use among people registered for MSP who hold citizenship, permanent residency, and temporary status in British Columbia, January 2020 to July 2021, odds ratio (95% CI)

Had one or more SARS-CoV-2 tests Had one or more SARS-CoV-2 positive results Had one or more COVID-19 primary care visits
Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted
Immigration group (reference is people who hold citizenship)
  Permanent residency 0.90 (0.89, 0.90) 0.71 (0.70, 0.71) 1.93 (1.90, 1.95) 1.38 (1.36, 1.39) 1.20 (1.18, 1.21) 0.97 (0.96, 0.98)
  Temporary status 0.81 (0.80, 0.82) 0.53 (0.53, 0.54) 2.34 (2.30, 2.39) 1.42 (1.39, 1.45) 0.58 (0.56, 0.59) 0.50 (0.49, 0.52)
Administrative sex (reference is F)
  M 0.83 (0.83, 0.84) 0.82 (0.82, 0.83) 1.06 (1.05, 1.07) 1.06 (1.05, 1.07) 0.71 (0.71, 0.72) 0.72 (0.71, 0.72)
Age group (reference is 0–19)
  20–39 1.47 (1.46, 1.48) 1.61 (1.60, 1.62) 1.65 (1.62, 1.67) 1.48 (1.46, 1.51) 1.51 (1.49, 1.53) 1.57 (1.55, 1.60)
  40–59 1.07 (1.06, 1.08) 1.12 (1.11, 1.13) 1.23 (1.21, 1.25) 1.17 (1.15, 1.19) 1.69 (1.67, 1.72) 1.68 (1.66, 1.71)
  60 +  0.72 (0.72, 0.73) 0.74 (0.73, 0.74) 0.67 (0.66, 0.68) 0.72 (0.71, 0.74) 1.38 (1.36, 1.40) 1.40 (1.38, 1.42)
Neighbourhood income quintile (reference is highest)
  Lowest 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) 1.49 (1.46, 1.51) 1.33 (1.31, 1.36) 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) 0.98 (0.97, 0.99)
  2nd 1.02 (1.02, 1.03) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 1.51 (1.48, 1.54) 1.33 (1.31, 1.36) 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) 1.05 (1.03, 1.06)
  Middle 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 1.33 (1.31, 1.36) 1.19 (1.16, 1.21) 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) 1.06 (1.04, 1.07)
  4th 1.09 (1.08, 1.09) 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) 1.17 (1.15, 1.20) 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00)
  Missing 0.53 (0.52, 0.54) 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) 1.49 (1.41, 1.57) 0.57 (0.55, 0.60) 0.86 (0.82, 0.90)
Rurality (reference is metropolitan)
  Small urban 0.75 (0.75, 0.75) 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) 0.46 (0.46, 0.47) 0.77 (0.75, 0.79) 0.76 (0.75, 0.77) 1.06 (1.05, 1.08)
  Rural 0.62 (0.61, 0.62) 0.81 (0.80, 0.81) 0.40 (0.39, 0.41) 0.68 (0.66, 0.70) 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) 1.41 (1.39, 1.43)
  Missing 0.18 (0.17, 0.18) 0.92 (0.86, 0.97) 0.16 (0.14, 0.18) 0.56 (0.47, 0.66) 0.26 (0.24, 0.29) 1.17 (1.04, 1.32)
Health authority (reference is Vancouver Coastal)
  Interior 0.83 (0.83, 0.84) 0.86 (0.85, 0.87) 0.61 (0.59, 0.62) 0.86 (0.84, 0.88) 0.63 (0.62, 0.64) 0.54 (0.53, 0.55)
  Fraser 1.30 (1.30, 1.31) 1.28 (1.28, 1.29) 1.70 (1.68, 1.73) 1.74 (1.72, 1.76) 1.18 (1.17, 1.20) 1.21 (1.20, 1.22)
  Island 0.73 (0.73, 0.73) 0.72 (0.72, 0.73) 0.23 (0.22, 0.24) 0.30 (0.29, 0.31) 0.68 (0.67, 0.69) 0.63 (0.62, 0.64)
  Northern 0.62 (0.62, 0.63) 0.62 (0.61, 0.62) 0.89 (0.86, 0.91) 1.32 (1.28, 1.37) 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) 0.86 (0.85, 0.88)
  Missing 0.10 (0.10, 0.11) 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) 0.16 (0.15, 0.18) 0.20 (0.17, 0.24)