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. 2023 Apr 4;85(4):1127–1149. doi: 10.3758/s13414-023-02703-7

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© The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 1 — Example stimuli used in Experiment 1. The first row shows the intact famous and computer-generated novel logos, and their corresponding masks. The famous logo is not depicted here because we do not have permission to use a trademarked image. The second row shows the scrambled form of the intact logos, and their corresponding masks