Table 2.
Results of multivariable logistic regression between factors associated with hopelessness among Canadian postsecondary students
| Variable | OR | p value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex and gender | |||
| Female | Referent | ||
| Male | 0.78 | < 0.001 | 0.73, 0.83 |
| Non-binary | 1.04 | 0.743 | 0.84, 1.28 |
| Living accommodations | |||
| Campus or residence hall | 0.90 | 0.033 | 0.81, 0.99 |
| Fraternity or sorority house | 1.25 | 0.568 | 0.58, 2.70 |
| Other college/university housing | 0.96 | 0.664 | 0.78, 1.17 |
| Parent/guarding home | Ref | ||
| Other off-campus housing | 0.86 | < 0.001 | 0.80, 0.92 |
| Other | 0.91 | 0.083 | 0.81, 1.01 |
| Cumulative GPA | |||
| A | Referent | ||
| B | 1.16 | < 0.001 | 1.09, 1.24 |
| C | 1.39 | < 0.001 | 1.252, 1.54 |
| D/F | 1.91 | 0.001 | 1.32, 2.77 |
| N/A | 1.16 | 0.257 | 0.90, 1.51 |
| Self-identified as Indigenous | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 0.81 | 0.006 | 0.70, 0.94 |
| Self-identified as Caucasian | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 0.75 | < 0.001 | 0.70, 0.80 |
| General health | |||
| Excellent | Referent | ||
| Very good | 1.26 | < 0.001 | 1.13, 1.40 |
| Good | 1.56 | < 0.001 | 1.40, 1.74 |
| Fair | 2.06 | < 0.001 | 1.82, 2.34 |
| Poor | 3.41 | < 0.001 | 2.55, 4.56 |
| Don’t know | 3.28 | < 0.001 | 1.96, 5.48 |
| Belonging to a community | |||
| Never | Referent | ||
| Once or twice | 0.94 | 0.334 | 0.82, 1.07 |
| About once a week | 0.84 | 0.010 | 0.73, 0.96 |
| About 2 or 3 times a week | 0.79 | < 0.001 | 0.70, 0.89 |
| Almost everyday | 0.62 | < 0.001 | 0.55, 0.69 |
| Everyday | 0.47 | < 0.001 | 0.41, 0.53 |
| Academic stress | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 2.18 | < 0.001 | 2.05, 2.33 |
| Relationship stress | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 1.51 | < 0.001 | 1.41, 1.62 |
| Financial stress | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 1.35 | < 0.001 | 1.26, 1.45 |
| Seriously considered suicide | |||
| No, never | Referent | ||
| No, not in the last 12 months | 1.62 | < 0.001 | 1.48, 1.79 |
| Yes, in the last 2 weeks | 10.26 | < 0.001 | 6.78, 15.54 |
| Yes, in the last 30 days | 20.31 | < 0.001 | 11.16, 36.95 |
| Yes, in the last 12 months | 17.51 | < 0.001 | 13.43, 22.83 |
| Attempted suicide | |||
| No, never | Referent | ||
| No, not in the last 12 months | 0.69 | < 0.001 | 0.60, 0.78 |
| Yes, in the last 2 weeks | 0.17 | < 0.001 | 0.10, 0.31 |
| Yes, in the last 30 days | 0.28 | 0.010 | 0.11, 0.74 |
| Yes, in the last 12 months | 0.70 | 0.232 | 0.39, 1.26 |
| Depression | |||
| No | Referent | ||
| Yes | 1.46 | < 0.001 | 1.30, 1.63 |
| Loneliness | |||
| No, never | Referent | ||
| No, not in the last 12 months | 2.13 | < 0.001 | 1.90, 2.38 |
| Yes, in the last 2 weeks | 13.37 | < 0.001 | 11.93, 14.99 |
| Yes, in the last 30 days | 10.48 | < 0.001 | 9.28, 11.84 |
| Yes, in the last 12 months | 7.78 | < 0.001 | 6.98, 8.67 |
| Financial stress and depression interaction | |||
| Interaction term | 0.83 | 0 .022 | 0.70, 0.97 |