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. 2023 Apr 4;13:5516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30667-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogenies showing the temporal divergence of the HA, NA and MP genes of Uganda A(H1N1)pdm09 (A) and A(H3N2) (B) influenza viruses sampled from 2010 to 2018. Trees were rooted using the oldest sequence in the dataset. Shaded clusters are the two and three major co-circulating lineages observed since 2013 and 2012 for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses, respectively. The third A(H3N2) lineage (with one 2011 and 2016–2017 viruses) disappeared in the MP phylogeny.