Table 1.

Animal studies to evaluate bacteriophages’ efficacy in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Target bacteria	Bacteriophage preparation	Model organism	Outcome	References
S. aureus	Five Myoviridae bacteriophages at 109 PFU/ml	Peri-prosthetic joint infections in rats	Decreased inflammation within joints when treated with bacteriophage and vancomycin	50
S. aureus	Two Myoviridae bacteriophages and encapsulated	Soft-tissue infections in rats	The transfer of some-entrapped bacteriophage cocktails saved all the infected animals	51
S. aureus	One Myoviridae and one Podoviridae bacteriophage at 109 PFU/ml	Mastitis in mice	The highest intramammary phage titer was achieved without spreading systematically	52
S. aureus	Two bacteriophages at 109 PFU/ml	Abscesses in mice	Reduced the bacterial load and weight of abscesses	53
S. aureus	Seven bacteriophages at 1012 PFU/ml	Acute and chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits	A bacteriological cure was observed with no side effects in six weeks	31
S. aureus	Three Myoviridae phages (AB-SA01) at 108 PFU/ml	Mice	Phages were safe and well-tolerated	35
S. aureus	One Siphoviridae bacteriophage at MOI of 0.1	Bacteremia in mice	Intraperitoneal administration of phages saved mice from bacteremia	54
S. aureus	One Myoviridae bacteriophage at 1010 PFU/ml	Mice	Dose-dependent recovery of mice from lethal bacterial infections	55
S. aureus	One phage at 1010 PFU/ml	Septicemia in mice	Intranasal application rescued the infected mice	56
S. pneumoniae	Phage SP-SQ1 at 109 PFU/ml	Pneumococcal infections in mice	Treated mice were recovered after 48h of treatment	57
E. faecalis	Two bacteriophages (poloxamer) at 109 PFU/ml	Root canal infections in rat	A 99% reduction in bacterial load was observed	58
E. faecalis	One bacteriophage at 1010 PFU/ml	Human dentin ex vivo model	Effective bacteriophage activity was noted	45
E. faecalis	Two bacteriophages at 108 PFU/ml	Peritonitis mice model	Single phage cocktail treatment was enough to eliminate 100% of mortality	59