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. 2023 Mar 19;19(1):2175519. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2175519

Table 3.

Outcomes of endolysins administration in animal models.

Endolysin Animal model Target Bacteria Outcome References
LysP53 Mice A. baumannii

  • After 1 hour of treatment with 100 μg/mL, bacteria were reduced by 5 logs

  • Higher decolonization efficacy in the mouse model of burn infection

 185
PlyC Tested in human and mouse models Streptococcus spp.

  • A powerful antibacterial endolysin was tested in a human and a mouse model

  • PlyC is immunogenic but does not cause hypersensitivity

  • PlyC-challenged mice developed PlyC-specific IgE in an animal model but not in humans

  • No unwanted effects, including hypersensitivity, were observed in the animals

 192
LysSS Mice A. baumannii

  • With an intraperitoneal injection of LysSS (125 ug/ml), 40% of mice were rescued from A. baumannii systemic infection

 193
ClyC Mice S. aureus

  • It reduced the bacterial loads in the infected mice organs by 2 Log10 (CFU/mL)

 194
ClyH Mice S. aureus

  • In a mice infection model, one dose of ClyH kept mice safe from death as a result of MRSA infection

 195
ClyF Mice Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

  • In mice bacteremia and wound infection models, a single treatment of ClyF showed good MRSA removal activity

 196
ClyJ-3 Mice S. pneumoniae

  • Superior to the parental enzyme ClyJ

  • 100% survival compared to the control group

 197
ClyJ Mice S. pneumoniae

  • 100% and 20% of mice survive when treated one and three hours after infection, respectively

  • Up to 1000 µg/mouse, there are no side effects

 198
ClyR Mice S. agalactiae

  • ClyR has no harmful effects on the mice

  • In mice, repeated injections of ClyR elicited an immunological response

  • The immunized serum, however, was unable to neutralize ClyR lytic activity

 199
ClyR Rat S.Sobrinus and
S. mutants

  • Compared to the control group, the ClyR showed a 56% reduction in caries-related dentinal lesions

 200
ClyV Mice S. agalactiae

  • The treatment survival rate is 100%

  • The ClyV has no side effects up to 800 µg/mouse

 201
SAL200 Rodent and Dogs S. aureus

  • In rodent, single- and repetitive toxicity studies, intravenous administration of SAL200 showed no evidence of toxic effects

  • No abnormal observations in the dog repetitive toxicity test

 202
Cpl-1and Pal Mice S. pneumoniae

  • According to the safety investigation results, IgG levels in mice exposed to endolysins increased

  • However, IgE levels remained low, suggesting a low probability of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions

  • No adverse health consequences in mice

  • Good safety and toxicity profile

 203
CPl-711 Mice S. pneumoniae

  • Independent of strain and treatment dosage

  • It showed an activity of 2-log reduction in the nasopharyngeal carriage

  • The lysis activity was better than parental endolysin Cpl-1

 204
Ply5218 Mice S. suis

  • The survival rate was 80–90% with rapid treatment

  • The survival rate was 70–80% with delayed treatment

 205
Ply5218 Piglet S. suis

  • After seven days, no bacteria were in the blood in the treatment group (compared to 4 logs in the control group)

  • The treatment group had lower body temperature, clinical assessment, and pro-inflammatory cytokines

 205
PL3 and Cpl-711 Zebrafish S. pneumoniae

  • The treatment survival rate of PL3 is 50%

  • The treatment survival rate for Cpl-711 is 44.4%

 206
Cpl-711 Mice S. pneumoniae

  • The Cpl-711 survival rate is 58%

  • The Cpl-711 has a 100% survival rate in synergy combination with cefotaxime

 207
CF-301 Rabbit S. aureus

  • It resulted in eight logs reduction in MRSA growth

 208
CF-301 Rat S. aureus

  • It resulted in a 0.48 log reduction in MRSA growth in the bone infection model

  • Showed synergistic activity with daptomycin, combined with daptomycin, showed a 1.56 log reduction

 209
S25-3LYS-his Mice S. aureus

  • It resulted in a 1 to 2-log reduction in S. aureus on the skin

 210
ElyA1 Mice A. baumannii

  • A. baumannii in the lungs was reduced by 0.5 logs

 211
Ply6A3 Mice A. baumannii

  • The survival was 70% after endolysin therapy

  • After treatment, the white blood cell counts, IL-10, and procalcitonin levels were lowered

 212
LysGH15 Mice S. aureus

  • The endolysin LysGH15 showed a 2.8 log reduction of S. aureus on the skin

  • It showed synergistic activity with apigenin and showed a 3.3 log reduction

  • The wound healing was improved after treatment with LysGH15

 213
PlyPa91 Mice P. aeruginosa

  • The endolysin PlyPa91 showed 70% survival rates after intranasal plus intratracheal treatment

  • It showed a 20% survival rate after two intranasal treatments

 214
Plya03 and PlyPa91 Mice P. aeruginosa

  • The endolysin PlyPa03 showed >2 log reduction of P. aeruginosa on the skin

  • The endolysin PlyPa91 showed a 1 log reduction of P. aeruginosa compared to the control treatment

 214
LysRODI Mice S. aureus and
S. epidermis

  • The LysRODI enhanced mammary gland health

  • The LysRODI showed a 2–3 log bacterial reduction

 215
TSPphg Mice S. aureus

  • The endolysin TSPphg showed a 3 logs reduction of S. aureus on the skin

  • It showed faster-wound healing and similar outcomes with kanamycin therapy

 216
PyS2-GN4 Mice P. aeruginosa

  • The endolysin PyS2-GN4 25 mg/kg therapy showed 100% survival

 217
LysB Mice M. ulcerans

  • The endolysin LysB reduced bacteria in footpads by 1 log compared to the control.

 218