Figure 5.

The schematic representation of events driving Bangui virus toward evolutionary constraint and inefficient spread in the human population. Left panel: a candidate model for how episodic selection may have affected the evolutionary trajectory of Bangui virus from its putative natural host (bird) to its vector (mosquito) and incidental host (human). ^Ψ denotes the hypothesized natural host (Dégallier et al. 1992; Livonesi et al. 2007; Mohamed, Mclees, and Elliott 2009; Qu et al. 2013), and ^φ denotes the hypothesized vector (Léonard et al. 2006; Baxter, Contet, and Krueger 2017; de Melo Junior et al. 2018) based on the circulation of representative based on the findings from phylogenetically close representative viral members. Right panel: a candidate model for how pervasive purifying selection acts on Bangui virus to limit the transmission and circulation in the human population.