TABLE 4.
The identification of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), screening and past medical history of participants.
| Characteristic | Total n = 181 (%) | Normal outcome n = 72 (%) | Adverse outcome n = 109 (%) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Monochorionic n = 54 (%) | Dichorionic n = 127 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Pseudo R 2 0.00 | p = Incalculable | ||||
| GDM diagnosed | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | Incalculable | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) |
| GDM not diagnosed | 180 (99.4) | 72 (100.0) | 108 (99.1) | Reference | 54 (100.0) | 126 (99.2) |
| Participants with GDM risk factors | Pseudo R 2 0.003 | p = 0.39 | ||||
| Risk factors | 71 (39.2) | 31 (43.1) | 40 (36.7) | 0.77 (0.42–1.41) | 21 (38.9) | 50 (39.4) |
| No risk factors | 110 (60.8) | 41 (56.9) | 69 (63.3) | Reference | 33 (61.1) | 77 (60.6) |
| Participants with GDM risk factors, who had screening | Pseudo R 2 0.10 | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Screened | 35 (19.3) | 25 (34.7) | 10 (9.2) | 0.24 (0.10–0.54) | 7 (13.0) | 28 (22.0) |
| Unscreened | 36 (19.9) | 6 (8.3) | 30 (27.5) | 3.0 (1.14–7.74) | 14 (25.9) | 22 (17.3) |
| No risk factors (does not need screening) | 110 (60.8) | 41 (56.9) | 69 (63.3) | Reference | 33 (61.1) | 77 (60.6) |
| Past medical history | Pseudo R 2 0.005 | p = 0.55 | ||||
| No previous health issues | 112 (61.9) | 46 (63.9) | 66 (60.6) | Reference | 33 (61.1) | 79 (62.2) |
| Physical health history | 45 (24.9) | 18 (25.0) | 27 (24.8) | 1.05 (0.52–2.12) | 15 (27.8) | 30 (23.6) |
| Mental health history | 18 (9.9) | 5 (6.9) | 13 (11.9) | 1.81 (0.60–5.43) | 5 (9.3) | 13 (10.2) |
| Missing data | 6 (3.3) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (3.9) | |||
Note: Data are presented as total values and percentages, also presented according to chorionicity. Risk factors for GDM were assessed using NICE guidance (ethnicity with a prevalence of diabetes, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, proteinuria, previous GDM or macrosomic baby ≥4.5 kg). Three categories of past medical history were created from the first questionnaire, by participants who answered yes to previous physical health or mental health issues, participants with no previous health issues were considered as the “no previous health issues” group. Participants were asked about their physical health history “anemia, asthma, cervical or uterine surgery, diabetes, epilepsy, congenital heart condition, rheumatic heart condition, hyper‐/hypotension, hyper‐/hypothyroid, inflammatory bowel syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, renal disease, sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus, thalassemia, thrombophilia, renal infections, uterine abnormality, thrombosis, other medical issue” and mental health history “depression, psychiatric, other mental health issue”.
Bold text indicates statistically significant results.