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Development of nociceptive pathways. Peripheral pain receptors develop in most areas of the fetus between 7.5–15 weeks gestation (48). Afferents reach the spinal cord (49), the brainstem, and thalamus by 7–8 weeks (50, 51). Thalamic projections to the cortical subplate emerge at 12–15 weeks (14, 34, 52) and to the cortical plate after 23–24 weeks gestation (53).
